为了解决6.0mm厚5183铝合金激光焊接气孔问题,采用IPG双楔形镜旋转摆动焊接头进行激光平板对接焊,通过改变扫描模式、扫描频率、扫描振幅等摆动焊接参量进行激光焊接试验,研究了激光摆动工艺对厚板铝合金非穿透焊接接头质量的影响规律,找出最优工艺参量并进行了验证试验。结果表明,激光摆动焊接的铝合金焊缝外观形貌显著改善; 除直线扫描模式下有少量气孔外,其余4种扫描模式（顺时针圆、逆时针圆、数字8和无穷大）实现基本无气孔; 焊缝截面气孔率随着扫描频率和扫描振幅的提高显著减少,当扫描频率大于200Hz和扫描振幅大于2.0mm时,能得到基本无气孔焊缝; 6.0mm厚铝合金对接最优工艺参量为无穷大扫描模式,扫描频率300Hz,扫描振幅3.0mm,可得到无气孔、抗拉强度271MPa、为母材强度88%的对接接头。激光摆动焊接法显示出了良好的应用前景。

In order to solve the problem of laser welding porosity of 5183 aluminum alloy with 6.0mm thickness, laser-weaving welding was carried out by using IPG laser-weaving welding head. The test was carried out by changing scanning mode, scanning frequency, scanning amplitude and so on. The influence of laser-weaving technology on the quality of thick aluminum alloy welding joint was studied, and the optimum process parameters were found and verified. The results show that the appearance of aluminum alloy welds under laser-weaving welding is significantly improved. In addition to the small number of air holes in the linear scanning mode, the porosity of other four scanning modes (clockwise, counter-clockwise, figure 8 and infinity) decreases significantly with the increase of scanning frequency and scanning amplitude. When the scanning frequency is more than 200Hz and scanning amplitude is more than 2.0mm, no porosity weld can be obtained. Aluminum alloy with 6.0mm thickness can be processed as the butt joint with no porosity, tensile strength of 271MPa and base metal strength of 88%, under the best process parameters of scanning mode infinity, scanning frequency of 300Hz, scanning amplitude of 3.0mm. The laser-weaving welding shows a good prospect.