在保偏光纤两端同一偏振方向上注入两束泵浦光, 产生受激布里渊散射并激发出相干声波场, 该声波场会对介质折射率进行调制, 即形成布里渊动态光栅。利用该动态光栅可实现温度与应变高精度的分布式测量以及多参量的同时传感, 并具有读写分离、光谱可调等优点。文章从原理上详细介绍了布里渊散射与布里渊动态光栅的产生原理, 并对比分析了布里渊动态光栅在光纤传感方面的优势。针对现阶段布里渊动态光栅在布里渊光相干域与布里渊光时域中的应用进行详细综述, 指出了各自的不足与改进后取得的进展。最后, 对布里渊动态光栅在分布式光纤传感技术中的发展进行了总结与展望。

When two beams of pump light are injected into both ends of the polarization maintaining optical fiber at the same polarization direction, Brillouin scattering will be produced and coherent acoustic field will be stimulated. The acoustic field will modulate the refractive index of the medium, which is the Brillouin dynamic grating. The dynamic grating can realize high precision and distributed measurement of temperature and strain, and simultaneous sensing of multi-parameter as well, and it presents the advantages of reading and writing separation, adjustable spectrum and so on. The generation principles of Brillouin scattering and Brillouin dynamic grating are introduced in detail, and the application advantages of Brillouin dynamic grating in fiber sensing are analyzed. In this paper, the applications of Brillouin dynamic grating in Brillouin optical coherence domain and Brillouin optical time domain are reviewed in detail, and the disadvantages and improvements are pointed out. Finally, the developments of Brillouin dynamic grating in distributed sensing technology are summarized and prospected.