现今随着大型工件制造、装配需求的增加, 对此类产品的制造装配精度的需求也在不断地提高。高精度的测量和控制成为制约高端制造业发展的一个重要因素。对此文中研究了一种基于激光跟踪绝对测长多边法三维坐标测量系统, 该系统由四台绝对距离测量激光跟踪仪和上位机构成, 既充分利用了绝对激光干涉测距的精度优势和断光续接的能力, 又避免了传统激光跟踪仪角度测量带来的误差。同时, 为提高自标定算法的精度, 提出并研究了一种依赖距离的残差模型。通过实验表明, 该系统实现了在20 m大范围空间内小于±20 ?滋m的测量误差, 测量不确定度为12.3 ?滋m。较之单台绝对激光跟踪仪系统的精度有很大的提升, 实现了在工业现场在线、高效、精密的三维坐标测量。

With today′s increase in large parts manufacturing and assembly requirements, the demand for precision manufacturing and assembly of such products are constantly improved. High-precision measurement and control has become an important factor restricting the development of high-ranking manufacturing. A three-dimensional coordinate measurement system based on laser tracking and absolute length measurement was developed. The system consisted of four absolute laser trackers and a host computer. The ADM module in the absolute laser tracker provided the distance from the target point to four basis points. And the three-dimensional coordinate value of the target point was calculated by the multilateral method. The system overcame the shortcomings of the laser tracking interferometer and can widen the application range of the measuring system. Simultaneously, in order to improve the accuracy of the self-calibration algorithm, a distance-dependent residual model was proposed and studied. The feasibility and accuracy of the self-calibration algorithm were illustrated by experiments. After the calibration of the system parameters was completed efficiently, the precision of the measurement system was tested. The experimental results show that the system has a measurement error of less than ±20 μm in a large space of 20 m and the measurement uncertainty is 12.3 μm. Compared with a single absolute laser tracker system, the accuracy of the system has greatly improved. The system realizes on-line, high-efficient and accurate three-dimensional coordinate measurement in the industry scene.