跟踪发射望远镜空间目标成像探测性能与传统望远镜成像探测性能存在较大差异。由于激光发射光路与目标探测光路属于共光路,因此系统的探测性能除了会受到传统因素的影响,还会受到由发射激光引起的内通道热效应的影响,而使其探测能力下降。对内通道热效应产生的影响进行了数值模拟,明确了内通道热效应产生的像差主要由初级像差组成。根据所得结论,利用探测信噪比模型结合Strehl理论,得到了实际像差条件下的系统成像探测能力计算模型。提出了一种跟踪发射望远镜共光路成像探测性能的评价方法,并利用跟踪发射望远镜进行了空间目标探测实验设计与数据测量,实验结果表明理论分析的探测能力与实验所得探测能力基本吻合,所提出的方法能够较为有效地评价共光路跟踪发射望远镜成像探测性能。

The common optical path of target tracking and laser launching telescopes are different from normal telescopes in space target imaging. Their performances are both effected by normal factors. But the former telescopes are also affected by the internal channel thermal effect because of the common optical path. It makes their ability decrease. In order to explore its effect, the internal channel thermal effect is simulated in this paper. The component of the effect is studied as well. It is mainly composed of primary aberration. According to the conclusion and the Strehl theory, the calculation model of imaging detection ability under the actual aberration is obtained. A method for evaluating the detection performance of the common optical path of the tracking and launching telescopes is proposed. An experiment is made by a common optical path telescope to verify the model and method. The experimental results show that the detection ability of the experiment is basically consistent with the theoretical results. And the proposed method can effectively evaluate the imaging detection performance of common optical path telescope.