急性肺损伤(ALI)是一种常见的临床疾病, 在全世界范围内引起严重的健康问题, 但其发病机理尚不清楚。自噬(autophagy)是当前生物医学研究热点之一, 涉及了多种病理生理过程。近期研究表明, 自噬与包含ALI在内的多种肺部疾病的发病进展有关。外泌体(exsome)是由多种活细胞分泌的, 由脂质双层被膜包围的纳米级结构(30~100 nm)。它通过传递其囊泡内包含的蛋白质, 脂质和核酸来调节细胞间通讯和相互作用。外泌体的存在对其供体细胞、受体细胞、以及细胞间结构都有着重要的生理和病理意义。因此, 外泌体的功能及特点得到越来越多的关注, 成为疾病的诊断和治疗策略发展的新目标。在本篇综述中, 我们概括了近年来自噬和外泌体对ALI病理生理的影响, 并提出了二者可能的关联假设。

Acute lung injury (ALI)is a common clinical disease that causes serious health problems worldwide, but the pathogenesis is still not clear. Autophagy is one of the current hot spots in biomedical research and involves a variety of pathophysiological processes. Recent studies have shown that autophagy is associated with the development of multiple lung diseases including ALI. Exosomes are nanoscale structures (30~100 nm)secreted by a variety of living cells and surrounded by lipid bilayer membranes. It regulates cell-cell communication and interactions by delivering proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids contained within its vesicles. The presence of exosomes has important physiological and pathological implications for their donor cells, recipient cells, and intercellular structures. Therefore, exploring the functions and characteristics of exosomes have received more and more attentions and become approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, new targets for strategic development. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiological effects of autophagy and exosomes in ALI in recent years and suggest possible associations between the two.