为配合临床实现人工晶体屈光度数计算，以及为日常眼病预防提供依据，眼生物参数测量特别是眼轴长度测量逐渐被人们所重视。以眼轴长度为目标，论述了现有的眼轴长度测量方法，包括超声测量方法和光学测量方法。重点概述了光学部分相干原理，低相干原理和光学相干层析 (OCT)技术在眼轴长度测量方面的研究进展，分别介绍了各方法及典型仪器的测量原理、测量精度及范围，论述了眼轴长度测量的发展方向。光学测量方法以其无损伤、快速、高精度等优点逐渐替代了超声测量方法，但对于晶体混浊眼还需依靠超声测量方法。

In order to coordinate with the clinical implementation of intraocular lens diopter calculation, and to provide basis for the prevention of eye diseases, the measurement of ocular biological parameters, especially the axial eye length, has attracted more and more attention. This paper mainly discusses the existing measurement methods of axial eye length, which includes traditional ultrasonic measurement method and optical measurement method. This mainly summarizes progress of the measurements of the axial eye length in the partial coherence interferometry, optical low coherence reflectometry and optical coherence tomography. The measurement principle, measurement precision and range of each method and typical instrument are introduced. The development direction of axial eye length measurement is discussed. The ultrasonic measurement method has been gradually replaced by the optical measurement method with the advantages of no damage, rapid and high precision. However, it is necessary to rely on ultrasonic measurement for eyes which lens is opacity.