本文针对厚度为1 mm 的316L不锈钢薄板采用激光焊的方法进行工艺研究, 采取正交试验的方法分析了工件端接接头激光焊接的工艺参数对熔深的影响。研究结果表明, 随着激光功率的增加, 焊缝的熔深也在相应增大; 随着焊接速度的增大, 焊缝的熔深相应的减小, 焊接熔深与焊接速度成反比, 当焊接速度大于0.03 m/s时, 熔深下降速度显著增加; 采用正离焦焊接时, 熔深随着离焦量的增大而减小, 当离焦量大于8 mm时熔深下降明显; 采用Ar、He 和N2三者之一做保护气体时, 焊缝熔深按照He＞N2＞Ar 的顺序排列; 金相分析结果表明, 当功率大于1 600 W时, 焊缝熔深达到1 mm以上, 满足工艺要求; 最佳焊接工艺参数为功率1 800 W, 焊接速度0.026 m/s, 离焦量7 mm, 保护气体氩气、气体流量10 L/min。

In this paper, the laser welding process of 1 mm-thickness 316L stainless steel sheet was studied, and the effect of laser welding parameters on the penetration was analyzed by orthogonal experiment. The results show that with the increase of laser power, the penetration increases correspondingly; with the increase of welding speed, the penetration decreases correspondingly, and the penetration is almost inversely proportional to the welding speed. When the welding speed is greater than 0.03 m/s, the penetration decreases significantly; when the forward defocusing is adopted, the penetration decreases with the increase of defocusing. When the defocusing is greater than 8 mm, the penetration decreases obviously; when Ar, He and N2 are used as protective gases, the penetration is arranged in the order of He>N2>Ar; metallographic analysis results show that when the power is greater than 1 600 W, the penetration of welds reaches more than 1 mm. The best welding parameters are as follows: power is 1 800 W, welding speed is 0.026 m/s, defocusing is 7 mm, shielding gas argon and gas flow is 10 L/min.