为了改善6061-T6铝合金的抗污和耐蚀性, 利用喷丸、电化学氧化与氟硅烷修饰相结合的方法, 在铝合金试件上构造出类荷叶表面所需的微/纳米双重复合结构, 并进行抗污清洁表面的性能分析。通过喷丸处理在铝合金表面形成微米级凹坑结构, 利用电化学氧化工艺制备出纳米级珊瑚状结构, 对铝合金表面进行氟化处理, 制备出具有微/纳米双重结构的抗污自清洁表面。最后, 对铝合金抗污自清洁表面的表面形貌、表观接触角、表面黏着能、自清洁性和耐蚀性等主要性能进行分析。实验结果表明: 喷丸和电化学氧化复合处理后, 铝合金表面的最大接触角为153°, 最小滚动角为5°, 具有较好的抗污自清洁性能; 表面硬度由原来的90HV提高至392HV, 动电位极化曲线显示表面电流密度相比未处理前下降了2~3个数量级, 表面耐磨性及耐腐蚀性能得到明显改善。

A method for controllable fabrication of an anti-fouling and self-cleaning surface with micro/nano lotus-like structures on 6061-T6 aluminum alloy was developed in this paper. The facile and low-cost fabrication process consisted of shot blasting, electrochemical oxidation, and surface modification with fluoroalkylsilane. The micro-pit structure was fabricated by shot blasting the aluminum alloy surface. The nano-coral structure was prepared by electrochemical oxidation. Then, the anti-fouling and self-cleaning surface with micro/nano structures were fabricated after fluorination treatment. Lastly, the surface morphology, contact angle, surface adhesion energy, self-cleaning, and corrosion resistance of the prepared aluminum alloy substrate were analyzed. The results show that the maximum contact angle and minimum rolling angle of the aluminum alloy surface are 153° and 5°, respectively, which have good anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties, after shot blasting and electrochemical oxidation treatment.In addition, the surface hardness increases from 90HV to 392HV. The potentiodynamic polarization curve shows that the surface current density decreases by two to three orders of magnitude compared with that before treatment, and the surface wear resistance and corrosion resistance are improved significantly.