太阳能电池(photovoltaic, PV)长时间暴露在阳光下会使其表面温度迅速升高, 从而降低其输出电压。为降低太阳能电池板的表面温度, 对太阳能电池板背面装载的热电制冷器(thermoelectric cooler, TEC)进行了研究, 测试其在不同室温下对太阳能电池板输出性能的影响。研究表明: 当不含 TEC且环境温度分别为 26 ℃、 29 ℃、 33 ℃时, 太阳能电池板的实验最大输出电压分别是 2.32 V、2.25 V、2.20 V; 加载 TEC之后, 在上述环境温度下太阳能电池板的最大输出电压分别为 2.54 V、2.59 V、2.47 V, 输出电压分别增加 9.4%、15.1%、12.3%。因此在太阳能电池板中加载热电制冷器既可以增大输出电压, 又可以避免因温度升高而降低太阳能电池板的寿命。

Long-term exposure of solar cells (photovoltaic, PV) to sunlight can cause the surface temperature to rise rapidly, thereby reducing its output voltage. In order to reduce the surface temperature of the solar panel, a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) on the back of the solar panel was studied to test the effect of the solar panel on the output performance of the solar panel at different room temperature. Studies have shown that when the TEC was not included and the ambient temperature was 26 ℃, 29 ℃and 33 ℃ and the maximum output voltage of the experiment was 2.32 V, 2.25 V and 2.20 V. After loading the TEC, the maximum output voltage at 26 ℃, 29 ℃ and 33 ℃ is 2.54 V, 2.59 V and 2.47 V. The output voltage is increased by 9.4%, 15.1%, and 12.3%, respectively. Therefore, loading a TEC in a solar panel can increase the output voltage and prevent the life of the solar panel from being lowered due to an increase in temperature.