单晶蓝宝石光纤具有热稳定性好、机械性能强、化学性能稳定等优点，在高温、高压等恶劣环境中的应用受到广泛关注. 介绍了单晶蓝宝石光纤的制备方法、基本特性及高温传输特性. 重点讨论了目前基于单晶蓝宝石光纤制备的高温传感器件，包括法布里-珀罗干涉仪、布拉格光栅、以及迈克尔逊干涉仪，并分析了这些传感器的制备方法和工作原理. 最后针对单晶蓝宝石光纤与传统单模光纤难兼容的问题，介绍了蓝宝石衍生光纤的制备及其传感器的最新进展，并展望了未来蓝宝石光纤的发展方向.

Single-crystal sapphire fibers have attracted much attention in high temperature and high pressure environments due to their high melting point, good mechanical properties and stable chemical properties. The preparation method, basic characteristics and high-temperature transmission characteristics of the single-crystal sapphire fiber are introduced. Then, the Fabry-Perot interferometer, Bragg grating and Michelson interferometer based on single-crystal sapphire fiber are discussed. The working principle and implementation methods of these sensors are analyzed. At last, in view of the difficulty of compatibility between single-crystal sapphire fiber and traditional single-mode fiber, the preparation of sapphire-derived fiber and its recent development are introduced. The future development direction of sapphire fiber is also discussed.