贻贝是广泛分布于全球水域的物种, 从近海海域到深海热液、 冷泉等极端环境。 贻贝分泌碳酸钙矿物形成介壳保护软体组织, 介壳是一种天然纳米复合材料, 具有优异的力学性能, 在生物材料、 组织工程以及仿生学等方面具有很好的应用前景, 已经成为国内外研究热点之一。 拉曼光谱是一种非破坏、 非接触及多组分同时测试的检测技术, 可以提供矿物成分信息。 利用共聚焦显微激光拉曼技术对不同环境下（台西南冷泉繁茂区、 Desmos热液区、 实验室养殖及大连近海海域）生长的贻贝介壳进行检测, 得到四种环境中生存的贻贝介壳珍珠层的拉曼光谱和介壳横截面局部区域的线扫趋势图及二维拉曼成像图。 基于实验结果得到以下结论, 四种环境中生存的贻贝介壳的棱柱层和珍珠层矿物为碳酸钙, 其中棱柱层矿物组成均为方解石, 拉曼测试方解石特征峰位于711和281 cm-1附近, 而介壳珍珠层虽然主要为碳酸钙, 但不同环境下生长的贻贝珍珠层的矿物组成存在一定差别: 大连近海贻贝珍珠层矿物为文石, 拉曼测试文石特征峰位于706和206 cm-1附近, 结晶程度差。 热液区生长以及实验室养殖贻贝珍珠层矿物也为文石, 特征峰位于706和206 cm-1附近, 但结晶程度相对较好。 台西南冷泉繁茂区贻贝珍珠层主要为文石（706和206 cm-1）, 并含少量方解石, 拉曼测试方解石特征峰位于711和281 cm-1附近。 通过对比四种环境中贻贝介壳的矿物组分以及相对分布, 结合生存环境的差异, 认为介壳矿物组成差异是贻贝应对深海冷泉、 热液不同理化环境的一种环境适应机制。 测试结果表明贻贝生长环境压力对珍珠层矿物组成有较大影响。 研究表明共聚焦显微拉曼光谱是一种快速、 高效的用于研究不同环境下生存的贻贝的介壳矿物组成的技术手段。 这为研究深海贻贝生命过程与适应机制提供了重要的参考资料。

Mussels are widely distributed in global waters, from offshore shallow waters to hydrothermal vents and cold seeps in the deep oceans. Mussels secrete calcium carbonate and form shells to protect their soft tissues. The nancomposite properties of mussel shell and the application prospects in biomaterial, tissue engineering and bionics have attracted much attention of scientists. The Raman spectroscopy is a kind of non-destructive, non-contact, simultaneous multi-component analysis detection technique, and can provide mineral information of samples. The mineral composition and distribution patterns of the shells and the nacre layers of the mussels collected from four different study sites (cold seeps in the Southwest of Taiwan, Desmos hydrothermal Field, Laboratory rearing, and Dalian-offshore) were obtained using the confocal Raman technique. The results showed that both of the prismatic layer and the nacre layers of the mussels are calcium carbonate. The Raman shifts of the primatic layers locate at 711 and 281 cm-1 indicating the mineral composition of prismatic layer is calcite. The mineral composition of nacre exists difference in different environment although the shell nacre is mainly calcium carbonate: the mineral of nacre in Dalian-offshore is aragonite. The Raman shifts of aragonite are at 706 and 206 cm-1. Aragonite crystallizes poor. The mineral of nacre layers grown in hydrothermal field and cultured in laboratory are aragonite (706 and 206 cm-1) with good crystallization. The mineral of mussel nacre in cold seep is aragonite (706 and 206 cm-1) and contains a little calcite. The Raman shifts of calcite are at 711 and 281 cm-1. Taking the living environment conditions into consideration, the results suggested that difference in the mineral composition and distribution patterns in the mussel shells are probably caused by different physical and chemical properties within the four environments. Moreover the nacre layers is more sensitive to the pressure change of living environment. Our work also showed that the Raman spectroscopy is a quick and effective technique that can be used to analyze the mineral composition of mussels in different environments and may shine some lights on the study of the life processes and adaptive mechanisms of mussels in deep oceans.