核酸分子碱基的光谱特征分析对生物遗传学研究具有重要意义。 探讨太赫兹时域光谱（THz-TDS）技术和拉曼光谱（Raman spectroscopy）技术用于DNA和RNA碱基和稀有碱基的光谱检测的可行性。 分析了7种固体核酸碱基的太赫兹振动光谱和拉曼光谱, 对THz-TDS技术和拉曼光谱技术进行了对比研究。 实验结果表明, 在THz-TDS实验中, 胞嘧啶（cytosine, C)、 鸟嘌呤（guanine, G）、 腺嘌呤（adenine, A）、 胸腺嘧啶（thymine, T, DNA专有）和尿嘧啶（uracil, U, RNA专有）和稀有碱基［5-甲基胞嘧啶, 5-methylcytosine (m5C)、 1-甲基腺嘌呤, 1-methyladenine (m1A)］在0.2～2.0 THz频段内特征吸收峰和吸收强度差异显著, 可以直观地识别出7种碱基的差异; 拉曼光谱中, 7种碱基也表现出很多明显的不同特征峰, 而正是由于拉曼光谱的特征峰杂而多, 故不能直观的识别多种物质。 且其吸收强度的差异与粉末的厚度, 粒度和光聚焦的深度有关, 样品的荧光还会给拉曼光谱带来干扰, 同时激光还可能会损伤生物样品。 这说明此两种技术均能够识别7种常见和稀有碱基, THz-TDS技术在识别这7种碱基的能力上优于拉曼光谱技术, 表现出较为简洁, 快速和无损的检测性能。 THz-TDS技术不仅为DNA和RNA碱基和稀有碱基的识别提供了一种快速和准确的检测方法, 也为生物遗传学研究奠定实验基础。

Spectral analysis of nucleic acid molecular bases is of great significance to the study of biogenetics. In this paper, the feasibility of terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and Raman spectroscopy for the spectroscopic detection of DNA, RNA bases and rare bases is discussed. The terahertz and Raman spectra of seven solid nucleic acid bases were analyzed, and the THz-TDS and Raman spectroscopy techniques were compared. In THz-TDS experiments, cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A), thymine (T, DNA-specific) and uracil (U, RNA-specific) and rare bases (5-methylcytosine (m5C), 1-methyladenine (m1A)) were identified. Signature absorption peaks and absorption intensities differ significantly in the 0.2～2.0 THz, and the differences of seven bases can be identified intuitively; In Raman spectroscopy, the seven bases also show many distinct characteristic peaks, however the characteristic peaks of Raman spectroscopy are complex and many, so it is not intuitive to identify many substances. The difference of absorption intensity is related to the thickness of powder, particle size and the depth of light focusing. The fluorescence of samples also interfere with Raman spectra. The laser may also damage biological samples. The experimental results show that these two technologies can identify seven common and rare bases. THz-TDS technology is superior to Raman spectroscopy in the ability to identify these seven bases, showing a relatively concise, fast and non-destructive detection performance. THz-TDS technology not only provides a fast and accurate method for the identification of DNA, RNA and rare bases, but also lays an experimental foundation for the study of biogenetics.