Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences, 2020, 13 (6): 2050023, Published Online: Dec. 25, 2020  

Photoacoustic detection of circulating melanoma cells in late stage patients

Author Affiliations
1 Department of Engineering Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA
2 Department of Bioengineering University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
3 Moffitt Comprehensive Cancer Center and Research Institute 10920 McKinley Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
4 Acousys Biodevices Inc, 1777 Highland Drive Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, USA
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer and is responsible for over 7000 deaths in the US annually. The spread of cancer, or metastasis, is responsible for these deaths, as secondary tumors interrupt normal organ function. Circulating tumor cells, or those cells that spread throughout the body from the primary tumor, are thought to be responsible for metastasis. We developed an optical method, photoacoustic flow cytometry, in order to detect and enumerate circulating melanoma cells (CMCs) from blood samples of patients. We tested the blood of Stage IV melanoma patients to show the ability of the photoacoustic flow cytometer to detect these rare cells in blood. We then tested the system on archived blood samples from Stage III melanoma patients with known outcomes to determine if detection of CMCs can predict future metastasis. We detected between 0 and 66 CMCs in Stage IV patients. For the Stage III study, we found that of those samples with CMCs, two remained disease free and five developed metastasis. Of those without CMCs, six remained disease free and one developed metastasis. We believe that photoacoustic detection of CMCs provides valuable information for the prediction of metastasis and we postulate a system for more accurate prognosis.

John A. Viator, Marc Hazur, Andrea Sajewski, Ahmad Tarhini, Martin E. San-ders, Robert H. Edgar. Photoacoustic detection of circulating melanoma cells in late stage patients[J]. Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences, 2020, 13(6): 2050023.

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