Photonics Research, 2019, 7 (10): 10001134, Published Online: Sep. 18, 2019  

Strong nonlinear optical effects in micro-confined atmospheric air Download: 596次

Author Affiliations
1 GPPMM Group, Xlim Research Institute, CNRS UMR 7252, University of Limoges, France
2 GLOphotonics S.A.S, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
3 Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, I-41125 Modena, Italy
4 Max Born Institute, Max-Born-Str. 2a, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
5 e-mail: f.benabid@xlim.fr
Abstract
Historically, nonlinear optical phenomena such as spectral broadening by harmonic generation have been associated with crystals owing to their strong nonlinear refractive indices, which are in the range of 10 14 cm2/W. This association was also the result of the limited optical power available from early lasers and the limited interaction length that the laser–crystal interaction architecture could offer. Consequently, these limitations disqualified a large number of materials whose nonlinear coefficient is lower than n210 16 cm2/W as suitable materials for nonlinear optics applications. For example, it is a common practice in most of optical laboratories to consider ambient or atmospheric air as a “nonlinear optically” inert medium due to its very low nonlinear coefficient (10.10 19 cm2/W) and low density. Today, the wide spread of high-power ultra-short pulse lasers on one hand, and low transmission loss and high-power handling of Kagome hollow-core photonic crystal fiber on the other hand, provide the necessary ingredients to excite strong nonlinear optical effects in practically any gas media, regardless of how low its optical nonlinear response is. By using a single table-top 1 mJ ultra-short pulse laser and an air exposed inhibited-coupling guiding hollow-core photonic crystal fiber, we observed generation of supercontinuum and third harmonic generation when the laser pulse duration was set at 600 fs and Raman comb generation when the duration was 300 ps. The supercontinuum spectrum spans over 1000 THz and exhibits a typical spectral-density energy of 150 nJ/nm. The dispersion profile of inhibited-coupling hollow-core fiber imprints a distinctive sequence in the supercontinuum generation, which is triggered by the generation of a cascade of four-wave mixing lines and concluded by solitonic dynamics. The Raman comb spans over 300 THz and exhibits multiple sidebands originating from N2 vibrational and ro-vibrational Raman transitions. With the growing use of hollow-core photonic crystal fiber in different fields, the results can be applied to mitigate air nonlinear response when it is not desired or to use ambient air as a convenient nonlinear medium.

Benoit Debord, Martin Maurel, Frederic Gerome, Luca Vincetti, Anton Husakou, Fetah Benabid. Strong nonlinear optical effects in micro-confined atmospheric air[J]. Photonics Research, 2019, 7(10): 10001134.

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