随机激光器由于其独特的结构和低相干性，在无散斑成像、传感、光治疗等领域中得到广泛应用。随机激光器的反馈机制是无序介质引入的光散射，高阈值和无方向性是其主要缺点。为解决这些问题，研究者们利用光纤的一维束缚获得低阈值并有一定方向性的光纤随机激光。近十年来，随机激光的发展经历了从非相干反馈到相干反馈、从完全无序到输出参数可控的过程。大量研究尝试用量子理论、混沌激光理论和数值分析等方法来解释随机激光的物理本质。回顾了随机激光和光纤随机激光的起源和发展历史，介绍了随机激光的分类和相关原理，总结了调控随机激光输出参数的方法并展示了随机激光的新近典型应用，分析了光纤随机激光的反馈类型和增益机制，并在最后展望了随机激光未来的发展趋势。

Due to its unique structure and low coherence, random lasers are widely used in fields such as speckle-free imaging, sensing, and light therapy. The feedback mechanism of random lasers is light scattering introduced by disordered media. High threshold and non-directionality are its main disadvantages. In order to solve these problems, researchers used the one-dimensional confinement of optical fibers to obtain random fiber lasers with a low threshold and a certain directionality. In the past ten years, the development of random lasers has experienced a process from incoherent feedback to coherent feedback, from complete disorder to controllable output parameters. A large number of studies have tried to explain the physical nature of random lasers using quantum theory, chaotic laser theory, and numerical analysis. The origin and development history of random lasers and random fiber lasers were reviewed, the classification and related principles of random lasers were introduced, the methods of controlling random laser output parameters were summarized, the recent typical applications of random lasers were demonstrated, fiber random lasers feedback types and gain mechanisms were analyzed, and finally the future of random lasers development was prospected.