红外与毫米波学报, 2019, 38 (6): 777, 网络出版: 2019-12-27  

利用Ka波段云雷达研究青藏高原对流云和降水的垂直结构及微观物理特征

A study on the vertical structure and microphysical characteristic of convective cloud and precipitation over Tibetan Plateau by using Ka-band cloud radar
作者单位
1 Chengdu Meteorological Bureau, Chengdu 6007, China
2 Plateau Atmosphere and Enviroment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 6105, China
摘要
对第三次青藏高原大气科学试验的Ka波段毫米波云雷达功率谱和雨滴谱仪资料提出了数据处理和质量控制方法,并计算了常用物理量和国内运用很少的物理量(谱偏度、谱峰度、粒子平均下落末速度、大气垂直速度).应用这些物理量对2015年7月16日青藏高原(那曲)一次对流云-降水的垂直结构和微观物理过程进行了研究分析.结果表明:(1)青藏高原地区的降霰对流云在16:00-17:00发展到最强,具有和低海拔地区冰雹云相类似的结构;(2)同一对流云中,地面降霰前后,谱偏度由“正-负-正-负”结构变为负偏度为主,谱峰度由负值转为零值附近,云内粒子更趋于球形;(3)对流云中,强上升气流(≥6 m/s)贯穿-17~-7 ℃的过冷水层,冰晶与过冷水撞冻和淞附增长形成较大的霰,反之,上升气流较弱(≤4 m/s),淞附增长较弱,霰粒子较小;(4)对流云中,冰晶和霰的融化出现在环境0℃层上方的300 m区域内.
Abstract
In this paper, methods of data processing and quality control were put forward according to the power spectral and raindrop spectrograph data from the Ka-band millimeter-wave cloud radar in the third Tibetan Plateau Experiment of Atmospheric Sciences Project. The usual physical quantum and the unusual quantum in domestic were also calculated, such as the spectral skewness, spectral kurtosis, average falling terminal velocity of particles and atmospheric vertical velocity. These physical quantities were used to analyze vertical structures and microphysics process of the convective cloud-precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (Naqu) on 16 July 2015. The results are as follows: (1) The falling graupel convective clouds of the Tibetan Plateau were the strongest from 16:00 to 17:00 Beijing Time (BT) with similar structures as the hail clouds in low altitude. (2) In the same convective cloud, when it was graupel, the spectral skewness varied from “positive-negative- positive-negative” to negative; spectral kurtosis varied from negative to zero; particles in the clouds were tended to be round. (3) When the speed of updraft was greater than or equal to 6 m/s in supercooled water layer(-17~-7℃), the graupel particles , which were formed into ice crystal accretion with supercooled water drops and rimming growth, were larger than that less than or equal to 4 m/s, in the convective clouds. (4) In the convective clouds, ice crystal and graupel melt in the up-side region 300 m above 0℃ level.

张涛, 郑佳锋, 刘艳霞. 利用Ka波段云雷达研究青藏高原对流云和降水的垂直结构及微观物理特征[J]. 红外与毫米波学报, 2019, 38(6): 777. Tao ZHANG, Jia-Feng ZHENG, Yan-Xia LIU. A study on the vertical structure and microphysical characteristic of convective cloud and precipitation over Tibetan Plateau by using Ka-band cloud radar[J]. Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, 2019, 38(6): 777.

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