报道了时序控制的抽运-检测型铷原子磁力仪中二能级磁共振物理过程的经典理论和实验研究。该原子磁力仪的工作原理是线偏振光通过处于外磁场环境中被极化的原子介质后,由于铷原子对线偏振光中左、右圆偏振成分有不同的吸收率,光的偏振方向会发生与磁场相关的转动。采用二能级磁共振经典物理图像描述了射频场与原子作用的物理过程,采用旋转坐标系推导了相关表达式,并在实验室坐标系中给出了原子磁力仪输出信号的表达式,指出铷原子磁力仪的输出信号与原子磁矩在探测光方向上的投影矢量有关,并通过实验验证了理论分析结果。研究结论有助于加深对磁共振经典物理图像的理解及时序控制的抽运-检测型铷原子磁力仪的工作原理和参数设置。

The theoretical and experimental researches on the classical physical picture of magnetic resonance in a rubidium atomic magnetometer under sequential control based on a pulsed pump-probe manner are reported in this paper. The basic principle of this atomic magnetometer is that the light polarization direction will produce rotation related to the magnetic field because of the different absorption and dispersion of the left and right circularly polarized components by the polarized rubidium atoms when the linearly polarized probe beam passes through the vapor cell. A classical physical picture of two-level magnetic resonance is adopted to describe the physical process of interaction between a radio frequency field and atoms, and the specific formula is derived in the rotating coordinate system. Meanwhile, the formula of the output signal acquired by the atomic magnetometer is obtained in the laboratory coordinate system. It is pointed out that the output signals acquired by the rubidium atomic magnetometer are related to the projection of macroscopic magnetization in the direction of the probe beam. The experimental results verify the theoretical analysis. The research results are helpful to deepen the understanding of the classical physical picture of magnetic resonance as well as the basic working principle and parameter setting of atomic magnetometers under sequential control.