高光谱分辨率激光雷达能够在无需假设激光雷达比的情况下,实现气溶胶光学参数的高精度定量观测。研制了一台用于气溶胶光学特性观测的机载高光谱分辨率激光雷达,并将其用于机载观测试验。针对气溶胶光学参数反演算法进行相应改进,选取不同飞行区域和不同飞行架次的试验数据进行反演,结合太阳光度计、大气污染物输送扩散轨迹模型HYSPLIT和卫星数据等对气溶胶特性进行分析。分析结果表明,不同区域的气溶胶光学参数有明显差异:在城镇、工厂等人类活动频繁的区域,气溶胶的消光系数最高超过1.2 km -1,激光雷达比随高度变化较大,最大可达60 sr,0~3 km高度层的气溶胶光学厚度集中在0.7~1;山区和海洋区域气溶胶的消光系数集中在0.2~0.8 km -1,激光雷达比随高度变化较小,数值集中在5~30 sr,0~3 km高度层的气溶胶光学厚度集中在0.3~0.7。气溶胶的分布受风、天气、污染过程等气象条件的影响,不同日期同一区域的气溶胶光学特性也受大气污染物输送扩散等因素的影响。

The aerosol optical parameters can be quantitatively observed with high precision using a high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) without considering the lidar ratio. In this study, an airborne HSRL was developed to observe the optical characteristics of aerosols and lidar was used for performing airborne observation experiments. Herein, the aerosol optical parameter inversion algorithm was improved accordingly. The experimental data of different flight areas and different flights were selected for inversion. Subsequently, the aerosol characteristics were analyzed by combining the solar photometer, hybrid single-particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory model, and satellite data. The analysis results denote obvious differences among the values of the aerosol optical parameters in different regions. The aerosol extinction coefficient exceeds 1.2 km -1 in areas with frequent human activities such as towns and factories.The lidar ratio varies significantly with the altitude, and its maximum value is 60 sr. The aerosol optical depth is concentrated between 0.7 and 1 in the altitude from 0 to 3 km. In mountainous and marine areas, the aerosol extinction coefficient is concentrated in the range of 0.2 to 0.8 km -1; further, the lidar ratio varies only slightly with the altitude and is concentrated between 5 and 30 sr. The aerosol optical thickness is concentrated between 0.3 and 0.7 in the interval from 0 to 3 km. Furthermore, the aerosol distribution is affected by the meteorological conditions, such as the wind and weather conditions, as well as the pollution processes; the optical characteristics of the aerosols in the same area on different dates are affected by various factors, including the movement and diffusion of atmospheric pollutants.