为了提高光学延迟线装置的性能，基于渐开线原理设计了快速光学延迟线(FODL)装置。分析了渐开线的基本原理并建立了数学模型，推导了光学延迟线装置的延迟距离公式。对光束通过延迟线装置后的光斑畸变进行了理论与实验分析。最后，搭建迈克尔逊干涉系统，对延迟线装置的延迟线性度、延迟平稳性、延迟距离和扫描频率进行了实验验证。结果表明：对于快速光学延迟线装置，入射光斑的半径越小，旋转平面反射镜的旋转角度间隔越小，出射光束的光斑畸变越小。该装置的延迟距离为40.036 mm，延迟时间为133.453 ps，线性度误差为0.419%，平稳性误差为0.806%，扫描频率为20 Hz。与常用光学延迟线装置相比，该装置能够提供较大的延迟距离和较高的扫描频率，同时具有线性度好、平稳性好等优点， 满足快速光学延迟线的使用要求。

To improve the performance of optical delay line devices, a Fast Optical Delay Line(FODL) device was designed on the basis of the principle of involutes. After analysis of the basic principle of involutes, a mathematical model was established and the delay distance formula of the designed FODL device was comprehensively derived. The light spot distortion resulted from the incident light through the FODL device was theoretically and experimentally analyzed. Finally, a Michelson interference system was built to test the specifications of the device, including delay linearity, delay stability, delay distance and scanning frequency. The results demonstrate that the light spot distortion of the FODL device is linked closely to the radius of the incident light spot and the rotation angle interval of the rotating plane mirror. The smaller of the two factors are, the smaller of the light spot distortion will be. As shown by the data analysis, the delay distance is 40.036 mm while the delay time is 133.453 ps. The errors of linearity and stability are 0.419% and 0.806%, respectively. Moreover, the scanning frequency reaches 20 Hz. As compared with the common optical delay line device, the device in this paper provides with a larger delay range and a higher scanning frequency. Meanwhile, it has advantages in scanning linearity and stability, which meets the use requirements of fast optical delay lines.