猪场废水中物质组成与其潜在的环境效应密切相关, 研究废水中有机物的组成特征将可为制订科学的资源管理措施提供理论依据。 通过采集江西省余江县不同养殖规模（以年出栏量计)的吴杨高（WYG, 2 000头)、 成林牧业（CL, 5 000头)、 万谷（WG, 20 000头)和正邦（ZB, 24 000头)等猪场自然氧化塘内的养殖废水, 运用三维荧光（3DEEM)和平行因子分析（PARAFAC)模型研究废水中可溶性有机物（DOM)组成及其荧光特性。 结果表明, 成林和吴杨高猪场废水中化学需氧量（COD)、 全氮（TN)、 氨氮（NH+4)以及可溶性有机碳（DOC)浓度均显著高于万谷和正邦猪场。 通过3DEEM和PARAFAC建模发现, 猪场废水中可溶性有机物（DOM)主要有三个组分, 其中包括两个类蛋白质组分（C1, C2)和一个类腐殖质组分（C3)。 线性拟合结果表明, C1分别与C2, C3组分荧光强度间呈极显著正相关, 表明不同组分间可能具有相同的物质来源或变化趋势。 与养分浓度变化趋势一致, 成林和吴杨高猪场DOM组分的荧光强度显著高于万谷和正邦。 此外, C1和C2组分对猪场废水中DOM总的贡献率依次为成林（897%), 吴杨高（879%), 万谷（775%)和正邦（729%), 而C3所占比例分别为成林（103%), 吴杨高（121%), 万谷（225%)和正邦（271%)。 可见, 废水中类蛋白质组分比例明显高于类腐殖质组分。 与此同时, 荧光指数（FI370)和腐殖化指数（humification index, HIX)的变化趋势, 整体表现为正邦和万谷猪场显著高于成林和吴杨高猪场。 Pearson相关性分析表明, 不同的荧光指数受环境指标的影响存在一定差异, COD与DOC浓度分别与DOM组分荧光强度间呈极显著相关性。 综上, 不同的规模化猪场废水中养分水平在一定程度上影响着DOM组成和荧光特性的形成。

The properties of material composition in swine wastewater are closely related to its potential environmental effects, and it could provide theoretical bases for formulating scientific resource management measures to study the composition of organic matter in wastewater. In the present study, swine wastewater was directly collected from waste-retention basins in various scale pig farms with a different farming scale (based on the annual pig slaughter), namely Cheng Lin (CL, 5 000), Wu Yang-gao (WYG, 2 000), Wan Gu (WG, 20 000), and Zhang Bang (ZB, 24 000), located in Yujiang County of Jiangxi Province. The main purpose of this study was to characterize dissolved organic matter (DOM) in swine wastewater using three-dimensional excitation-emission matrices (3DEEM) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Results of all samples examined showed, with respect to CL and WYG farm, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH+4), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in swine wastewater was significantly higher than WG and ZB farm. Three DOM components, including two protein-like components (C1, C2) and one humic-like component (C3), were identified in wastewater using 3DEEM and PARAFAC. Results of linear regression showed, the fluorescence intensity of C1 linked significantly with C2 (p<0001) and C3 (p<0001), respectively, suggesting a same source or similar variation trend existed possibly between different DOM components. Furthermore, consistent with the variation trend of nutrient concentration in wastewater, fluorescence intensity of each DOM component in CL and WYG farm was significantly higher than WG and ZB farm. The total contribution of C1 and C2 to DOM in swine wastewater was CL (897%), WG (775%), WYG (879%), and ZB (729%), respectively, and the percentage of C3 was CL (103%), WG (225%), WYG (121%), and ZB (271%), respectively. Thus, the percentage of two protein-like components was significantly higher than humic-like in swine wastewater. Meanwhile, the fluorescence indices FI370 and humification index (HIX) of WG and ZB farm were higher than CL and WYG. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis showed that the effects of environmental parameters on fluorescence indices were different, and COD and DOC concentrations were significantly correlated with the fluorescence intensities of DOM components in swine wastewater. In summary, to a certain degree, the nutrient levels affected formation of fluorescence characteristics and DOM compositions in swine wastewater between different scale pig farms.