[1] Gao K L, Duan A M, Chen D L, et al. Surface energy budget diagnosis reveals possible mechanism for the different warming rate among Earth's three poles in recent decades[J]. Science Bulletin, 2019, 64(16): 1140-1143.

[2] Sastri A R, Christian J R, Achterberg E P, et al. Perspectives on in situ sensors for ocean acidification research[J]. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019, 6: 653.

[3] Li S, Lucey P G, Milliken R E, et al. Direct evidence of surface exposed water ice in the lunar polar regions[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018, 115(36): 8907-8912.

[4] Wandt J, Lee J. Arrigan D W M, et al. Ionophore-assisted electrochemistry of neutral molecules: oxidation of hydrogen in an ionic liquid electrolyte[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2019, 10(21): 6910-6914.

[5] 戚暨. 苯胺原位聚合法制备气敏织物及其气体传感性能研究[D]. 沈阳: 东北大学, 2013: 1- 12.

    QiJ. Preparation of gas sensitive fabrics through in situ polymerization of aniline and its gas sensing property[D]. Shenyang: Northeastern University, 2013: 1- 12.

[6] 孙静. 气相色谱-质谱联用技术研究进展及前处理方法综述[J]. 当代化工研究, 2017( 9): 4- 5.

    SunJ. Review of research progress and pretreatment methods of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technology[J]. Modern Chemical Research, 2017( 9): 4- 5.

[7] Song K, Jung E C. Recent developments in modulation spectroscopy for trace gas detection using tunable diode lasers[J]. Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, 2003, 38(4): 395-432.

[8] 谈艳, 王进, 陶雷刚, 等. 光腔衰荡光谱方法测量分子的高精密谱线参数[J]. 中国激光, 2018, 45(9): 0911002.

    Tan Y, Wang J, Tao L G, et al. Precise parameters of molecular absorption lines from cavity ring-down spectroscopy[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2018, 45(9): 0911002.

[9] O'Keefe A. Deacon D A G. Cavity ring-down optical spectrometer for absorption measurements using pulsed laser sources[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 1988, 59(12): 2544-2551.

[10] Romanini D, Kachanov A A, Sadeghi N, et al. CW cavity ring down spectroscopy[J]. Chemical Physics Letters, 1997, 264(3/4): 316-322.

[11] Chen H, Winderlich J, Gerbig C, et al. High-accuracy continuous airborne measurements of greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) using the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique[J]. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2010, 3(2): 375-386.

[12] Crosson E R. A cavity ring-down analyzer for measuring atmospheric levels of methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor[J]. Applied Physics B, 2008, 92(3): 403-408.

[13] Butler T J, Miller J L. Orr-Ewing A J. Cavity ring-down spectroscopy measurements of single aerosol particle extinction. I. The effect of position of a particle within the laser beam on extinction[J]. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 2007, 126(17): 174302.

[14] Butler T J, Mellon D, Kim J, et al. Optical-feedback cavity ring-down spectroscopy measurements of extinction by aerosol particles[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2009, 113(16): 3963-3972.

[15] Long D A, Wójtewicz S, Miller C E, et al. Frequency-agile, rapid scanning cavity ring-down spectroscopy (FARS-CRDS) measurements of the (30012)←(00001) near-infrared carbon dioxide band[J]. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 2015, 161: 35-40.

[16] Leshchishina O, Kassi S, Gordon I E, et al. High sensitivity CRDS of the a1Δg-X3∑g- band of oxygen near 1.27 μm: extended observations, quadrupole transitions, hot bands and minor isotopologues[J]. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 2010, 111(15): 2236-2245.

[17] 刘古良. 光腔衰荡光谱法测量水分子及一氧化二氮分子的吸收光谱参数[D]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学, 2019: 1- 14.

    Liu GL. Absorption spectral line parameters of water and nitrous oxide from cavity ring-down spectroscopy[D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2019: 1- 14.

[18] Sahay P, Scherrer S T, Wang C. Measurements of the weak UV absorptions of isoprene and acetone at 261--275 nm using cavity ringdown spectroscopy for evaluation of a potential portable ringdown breath analyzer[J]. Sensors (Basel), 2013, 13(7): 8170-8187.

[19] Crosson E R, Ricci K N, Richman B A, et al. Stable isotope ratios using cavity ring-down spectroscopy: determination of 13C/ 12C for carbon dioxide in human breath[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 2002, 74(9): 2003-2007.

[20] Fritsch T, Hering P, Mürtz M. Infrared laser spectroscopy for online recording of exhaled carbon monoxide: a progress report[J]. Journal of Breath Research, 2007, 1(1): 014002.

[21] Stamyr K, Vaittinen O, Jaakola J, et al. Background levels of hydrogen cyanide in human breath measured by infrared cavity ring down spectroscopy[J]. Biomarkers, 2009, 14(5): 285-291.

[22] Crawford T M. Error sources in the “ring down” optical cavity decay time mirror reflectometer[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 1985, 0540: 295-302.

[23] Rao G N, Karpf A. High sensitivity detection of NO2 employing cavity ringdown spectroscopy and an external cavity continuously tunable quantum cascade laser[J]. Applied Optics, 2010, 49(26): 4906-4914.

[24] Huang K, Cassar N, Jonsson B, et al. An ultrahigh precision, high-frequency dissolved inorganic carbon analyzer based on dual isotope dilution and cavity ring-down spectroscopy[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2015, 49(14): 8602-8610.

[25] Dupré P. Photodissociation resonances of jet-cooled NO2 at the dissociation threshold by CW-CRDS[J]. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 2015, 142(17): 174305.

[26] Földes T, Lauzin C, Vanfleteren T, et al. High-resolution, near-infrared CW-CRDS, and ab initio investigations of N2O-HDO[J]. Molecular Physics, 2015, 113(5): 473-482.

[27] Campargue A, Kassi S, Mondelain D, et al. Detection and analysis of three highly excited vibrational bands of 16O3 by CW-CRDS near the dissociation threshold[J]. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 2015, 152: 84-93.

[28] Richard L, Mondelain D, Kassi S, et al. Collision-induced absorption and electric quadrupole transitions of N2 by OF-CEAS near 4.0 μm and CRDS near 2.1 μm[J]. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 2019, 226: 138-145.

[29] Kassi S, Stoltmann T, Casado M, et al. Lamb dip CRDS of highly saturated transitions of water near 1.4 μm[J]. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 2018, 148(5): 054201.

[30] Burkart J, Kassi S. Absorption line metrology by optical feedback frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy[J]. Applied Physics B, 2015, 119(1): 97-109.

[31] Desbois T, Ventrillard I, Romanini D. Simultaneous cavity-enhanced and cavity ringdown absorption spectroscopy using optical feedback[J]. Applied Physics B, 2014, 116(1): 195-201.

[32] Levenson M D, Paldus B A, Spence T G, et al. Optical heterodyne detection in cavity ring-down spectroscopy[J]. Chemical Physics Letters, 1998, 290(4/5/6): 335-340.

[33] 曹琳, 王春梅, 陈扬骎, 等. 光外差腔衰荡光谱理论研究[J]. 物理学报, 2006, 55(12): 6354-6359.

    Cao L, Wang C M, Chen Y Q, et al. Theoretical investigation of optical heterodyne cavity ring down spectroscopy[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2006, 55(12): 6354-6359.

[34] Silander I, Hausmaninger T, Axner O. Model for in-coupling of etalons into signal strengths extracted from spectral line shape fitting and methodology for predicting the optimum scanning range: demonstration of Doppler-broadened, noise-immune, cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectroscopy down to 9×10 -14 cm -1[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 2015, 32(10): 2104-2114.

[35] Curtis E A, Barwood G P, Huang G, et al. Ultra-high-finesse NICE-OHMS spectroscopy at 1532 nm for calibrated online ammonia detection[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 2017, 34(5): 950-958.

[36] Zhao G, Hausmaninger T, Schmidt F M, et al. High resolution ultra-sensitive trace gas detection by use of cavity-position-modulated sub-Doppler NICE-OHMS-application to detection of acetylene in human breath[J]. Physics, 2018, 99(4): 779-791.

[37] 周月婷, 赵刚, 刘建鑫, 等. 基于NICE-OHMS技术进行大气压气样直接检测的理论分析[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2020, 40(3): 706-711.

    Zhou Y T, Zhao G, Liu J X, et al. Theoretical analysis of direct measurement of atmospheric samples based on NICE-OHMS technology[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2020, 40(3): 706-711.

[38] Morville J, Romanini D, Kachanov A A, et al. Two schemes for trace detection using cavity ringdown spectroscopy[J]. Applied Physics B, 2004, 78(3/4): 465-476.

[39] Burkart J, Romanini D, Kassi S. Optical feedback frequency stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy[J]. Optics Letters, 2014, 39(16): 4695-4698.

[40] Burkart J, Romanini D, Kassi S. Optical feedback stabilized laser tuned by single-sideband modulation[J]. Optics Letters, 2013, 38(12): 2062-2064.

[41] Cygan A, Lisak D, Masłowski P, et al. Pound-Drever-Hall-locked, frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectrometer[J]. The Review of Scientific Instruments, 2011, 82(6): 063107.

[42] Ehlers P, Johansson A C, Silander I, et al. Use of etalon-immune distances to reduce the influence of background signals in frequency-modulation spectroscopy and noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectroscopy[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 2014, 31(12): 2938-2945.

[43] Silander I, Hausmaninger T, Ma W G, et al. Doppler-broadened mid-infrared noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectrometry based on an optical parametric oscillator for trace gas detection[J]. Optics Letters, 2015, 40(4): 439-442.

[44] Fleurbaey H, Yi H M, Adkins E M, et al. Cavity ring-down spectroscopy of CO2 near λ=2.06 μm: accurate transition intensities for the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) “strong band”[J]. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 2020, 252: 107104.

[45] LongD, ReedZ, FleisherA, et al., 2020, 47(5): e2019GL086344.

[46] Fleisher A J, Adkins E M, Reed Z D, et al. Twenty-five-fold reduction in measurement uncertainty for a molecular line intensity[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2019, 123(4): 043001.

[47] Yi H M, Liu Q N, Gameson L, et al. High-accuracy 12C 16O2 line intensities in the 2 μm wavelength region measured by frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy[J]. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 2018, 206: 367-377.

[48] Fleisher AJ, Long DA, Yi HM, et al. Accurate optical measurements of stable and radioactive carbon isotopologues of CO2[C]∥Light, Energy and the Environment 2018 (E2, FTS, HISE, SOLAR, SSL), Singapore. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018: EW3A. 2.

[49] Ghysels M, Liu Q N, Fleisher A J, et al. A variable-temperature cavity ring-down spectrometer with application to line shape analysis of CO2 spectra in the 1600 nm region[J]. Applied Physics B, 2017, 123(4): 1-13.

[50] Reed ZD, Long DA, FleurbaeyH, et al. Comb-locked cavity-ringdown spectroscopy for molecular transition frequency measurements below 1×10 -12 relative uncertainty [C]∥Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2020: SM1M. 4.

[51] Long D A, Fleisher A J, Liu Q, et al. Ultra-sensitive cavity ring-down spectroscopy in the mid-infrared spectral region[J]. Optics Letters, 2016, 41(7): 1612-1615.

[52] Fleisher AJ, Long DA, Liu QN, et al. Towards the robust trace detection of radiocarbon via linear absorption spectroscopy[C]∥Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, San Jose, California. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2017: SF1M. 2.

[53] Fleisher A J, Long D A, Liu Q N, et al. Optical measurement of radiocarbon below unity fraction modern by linear absorption spectroscopy[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2017, 8(18): 4550-4556.

[54] 戴东旭, 孙福革, 康路, 等. 高重复频率实时采集的光腔衰荡光谱[J]. 化学物理学报, 1997( 6): 481- 486.

    Dai DX, Sun FG, KangL, et al. A cavity ring down spectroscopic setup for high Rep.rate real time measurment[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics, 1997( 6): 481- 486.

[55] 赵东锋. 光腔衰荡光谱技术研究若干自由基的光谱[D]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学, 2009: 1- 21.

    Zhao DF. Spectroscopy study of several free radicals by cavity ringdown[D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2009: 1- 21.

[56] Pan H, Cheng C F, Sun Y R, et al. Laser-locked, continuously tunable high resolution cavity ring-down spectrometer[J]. The Review of Scientific Instruments, 2011, 82(10): 103110.

[57] Gong Z Y, Sun M X, Wang C, et al. Optimization and evaluation of a breath acetone analyzer for diabetes diagnosis using cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) at 266 nm[J]. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, 2014, 16: A96-A97.

[58] Guo R M, Teng J H, Cao K, et al. Comb-assisted, Pound-Drever-Hall locked cavity ring-down spectrometer for high-performance retrieval of transition parameters[J]. Optics Express, 2019, 27(22): 31850-31863.

[59] Wu H, Chen J, Liu A W, et al. Cavity ring-down spectroscopy measurements of ambient NO3 and N2O5[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics, 2020, 33(1): 1-7.

[60] Wu H, Stolarczyk N, Stolarczyk N, et al. Comb-locked cavity ring-down spectroscopy with variable temperature[J]. Optics Express, 2019, 27(26): 37559-37567.

[61] Hu C L, Perevalov V I, Cheng C F, et al. Optical-optical double-resonance absorption spectroscopy of molecules with kilohertz accuracy[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2020, 11(18): 7843-7848.

[62] Hua T P, Sun Y R, Wang J, et al. Frequency metrology of molecules in the near-infrared by NICE-OHMS[J]. Optics Express, 2019, 27(5): 6106-6115.

[63] 赵刚. 超灵敏噪声免疫腔增强光外差分子光谱系统的设计与优化[D]. 太原: 山西大学, 2018: 91- 99.

    ZhaoG. Design and optimization of ultrasensitive noise-immune cavity enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectroscopy[D]. Taiyuan: Shanxi University, 2018: 91- 99.

[64] 马维光, 周月婷, 赵刚, 等. 噪声免疫腔增强光外差分子光谱技术综述[J]. 中国激光, 2018, 45(9): 0911007.

    Ma W G, Zhou Y T, Zhao G, et al. Review on noise immune cavity enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectroscopy[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2018, 45(9): 0911007.

[65] 贾梦源, 赵刚, 侯佳佳, 等. 双重频率锁定的腔衰荡吸收光谱技术及信号处理[J]. 物理学报, 2016, 65(12): 128701.

    Jia M Y, Zhao G, Hou J J, et al. Research and data processing of double locked cavity ringdown absorption spectroscopy[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2016, 65(12): 128701.

[66] 贾梦源. 基于噪声免疫腔增强光外差分子光谱的痕量气体检测技术研究[D]. 太原: 山西大学, 2018: 31- 41.

    Jia MY. Investigation of trace gas detection based on noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectroscopy[D]. Taiyuan: Shanxi University, 2018: 31- 41.

[67] Zhou Y T, Liu J X, Guo S J, et al. Laser frequency stabilization based on a universal sub-Doppler NICE-OHMS instrumentation for the potential application in atmospheric lidar[J]. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2019, 12(3): 1807-1814.

[68] Yang L, Lin H, Feng X J, et al. Saturation cavity ring-down spectrometry using a dynamical relaxation model[J]. Optics Express, 2019, 27(3): 1769-1776.

[69] Yang L, Lin H, Plimmer M D, et al. Measurement of the spectral line positions in the 2v3 R(6) manifold of methane[J]. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 2020, 245: 106888.

[70] 杨雷, 林鸿, 冯晓娟, 等. 光腔衰荡光谱仪测量甲烷2ν3带R1支光谱线型参数[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2018, 38(S1): 299-300.

    Yang L, Lin H, Feng X J, et al. Lineshape parameter measurement of the 2ν3 R1 manifold of methane using cavity ring-down spectroscopy[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2018, 38(S1): 299-300.

[71] Zhou S, Han Y L, Li B C. Pressure optimization of an EC-QCL based cavity ring-down spectroscopy instrument for exhaled NO detection[J]. Applied Physics B, 2018, 124(2): 1-8.

[72] 周胜, 韩艳玲, 李斌成. 5.2 μm量子级联激光器光腔衰荡光谱技术的痕量水汽检测[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2016, 36(12): 3848-3852.

    Zhou S, Han Y L, Li B C. Trace moisture measurement with 5.2 μm quantum cascade laser based continuous-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2016, 36(12): 3848-3852.

[73] 周胜, 韩艳玲, 李斌成. 基于光腔衰荡光谱技术的压力计校准方法[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2018, 38(4): 1031-1035.

    Zhou S, Han Y L, Li B C. Calibration method of pressure gauges based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy technique[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2018, 38(4): 1031-1035.

[74] Qu Z C, Gao C M, Han Y L, et al. Detection of chemical warfare agents based on quantum cascade laser cavity ring-down spectroscopy[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2012, 10(5): 050102.

[75] 曲哲超, 李斌成, 韩艳玲. 基于量子级联激光器光腔衰荡光谱技术的痕量氨气检测[J]. 红外与毫米波学报, 2012, 31(5): 431-436.

    Qu Z C, Li B C, Han Y L. Cavity ring-down spectroscopy for trace ammonia detection[J]. Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, 2012, 31(5): 431-436.

[76] Zhao T K, Qu Z C, Han Y L, et al. Two optical feedback schemes for cavity ring-down technique for high reflectivity measurements[J]. Chinese Physics Letters, 2010, 27(10): 100701.

[77] 高丽峰, 李斌成, 熊胜明. 光腔衰荡技术测中红外腔镜反射率的实验研究[J]. 中国激光, 2010, 37(4): 1078-1081.

    Gao L F, Li B C, Xiong S M. Experimental investigation of reflectivity measurement for cavity mirror at middle infrared by cavity ring-down spectroscopy[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2010, 37(4): 1078-1081.

[78] 高丽峰, 熊胜明, 李斌成, 等. 用光腔衰荡技术测量镜片的反射率[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2005, 17(3): 335-338.

    Gao L F, Xiong S M, Li B C, et al. Analysis of reflectivity measurement by cavity ring-down spectroscopy[J]. High Power Laser & Particle Beams, 2005, 17(3): 335-338.

[79] Li Z Y, Hu R Z, Xie P H, et al. Simultaneous measurement of NO and NO2 by a dual-channel cavity ring-down spectroscopy technique[J]. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2019, 12(6): 3223-3236.

[80] 王丹, 胡仁志, 谢品华, 等. 基于腔衰荡光谱技术测量夜间大气中五氧化二氮[J]. 光学学报, 2017, 37(9): 0901001.

    Wang D, Hu R Z, Xie P H, et al. Measurement of nitrogen pentoxide in nocturnal atmospheric based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2017, 37(9): 0901001.

[81] 胡仁志, 王丹, 谢品华, 等. 二极管激光腔衰荡光谱技术测量大气NO2[J]. 光学学报, 2016, 36(2): 0230006.

    Hu R Z, Wang D, Xie P H, et al. Diode laser cavity ring-down spectroscopy for atmospheric NO2 measurement[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2016, 36(2): 0230006.

[82] Jin H W, Hu R Z, Xie P H, et al. Study on the photoacoustic technology to simultaneous in situ detection of the cavity ring-down spectrum for multi-optical parameters[J]. IEEE Photonics Journal, 2020, 12(2): 1-11.

[83] Wang D, Hu R Z, Xie P H, et al. A novel calibration method for atmospheric NO3 radical via high reflectivity cavity[J]. Measurement Science and Technology, 2020, 31(8): 085801.

[84] 靳华伟, 胡仁志, 谢品华, 等. 适用于ppb量级NO2检测的低功率蓝光二极管光声技术研究[J]. 物理学报, 2019, 68(7): 070703.

    Jin H W, Hu R Z, Xie P H, et al. Photo-acoustic technology applied to ppb level NO2 detection by using low power blue diode laser[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(7): 070703.

[85] 林川, 胡仁志, 谢品华, 等. 基于热解腔衰荡光谱技术对二氧化氮和有机硝酸酯同步测量研究[J]. 光学学报, 2020, 40(12): 1201003.

    Lin C, Hu R Z, Xie P H, et al. Simultaneous measurement of nitrogen dioxide and organic nitrate based on thermal dissociation cavity ring-down spectroscopy[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2020, 40(12): 1201003.

[86] 吴盛阳, 胡仁志, 谢品华, 等. 基于腔衰荡光谱技术(CRDS)对大气总活性氮氧化物(NOy)的实时测量[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2020, 40(6): 1661-1667.

    Wu S Y, Hu R Z, Xie P H, et al. Real-time measurement of NOy (total reactive nitrogen oxide) by cavity ring down spectrometer (CRDS)[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2020, 40(6): 1661-1667.

[87] 王丹, 谢品华, 胡仁志, 等. 大气环境NO3自由基探测技术研究进展[J]. 大气与环境光学学报, 2015, 10(2): 102-116.

    Wang D, Xie P H, Hu R Z, et al. Progress of measurement of atmospheric NO3 radicals[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2015, 10(2): 102-116.

[88] Yuan F, Hu M, He Y B, et al. Development of an in situ analysis system for methane dissolved in seawater based on cavity ringdown spectroscopy[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2020, 91(8): 083106.

[89] 袁峰, 高晶, 姚路, 等. 球载CRDS高灵敏度甲烷测量系统的研制[J]. 光学精密工程, 2020, 28(9): 1881-1892.

    Yuan F, Gao J, Yao L, et al. Development of highly sensitive balloon-borne methane measurement system based on cavity ringdown spectroscopy[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering, 2020, 28(9): 1881-1892.

[90] Li Z Y, Xie P H, Hu R Z, et al. Observations of N2O5 and NO3 at a suburban environment in Yangtze River Delta in China: estimating heterogeneous N2O5 uptake coefficients[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2020, 95: 248-255.

[91] Li ZY, Hu RZ, Xie PH, et al. and CEAS for measurements of atmospheric N2O5 in Beijing, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 613/614: 131- 139.

[92] Chen B, Sun Y R, Zhou Z Y, et al. Ultrasensitive, self-calibrated cavity ring-down spectrometer for quantitative trace gas analysis[J]. Applied Optics, 2014, 53(32): 7716-7723.

[93] Chen B, Wang J, Sun Y R, et al. Broad-range detection of water vapor using cavity ring-down spectrometer[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics, 2015, 28(4): 440-444.

[94] Chen B, Kang P, Li J Y, et al. Quantitative moisture measurement with a cavity ring-down spectrometer using telecom diode lasers[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics, 2015, 28(1): 6-10.

[95] 陈兵, 周泽义, 康鹏, 等. 光腔衰荡光谱方法探测痕量一氧化碳气体[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2015, 35(4): 971-974.

    Chen B, Zhou Z Y, Kang P, et al. Trace carbon monoxide detection with a cavity ring-down spectrometer[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2015, 35(4): 971-974.

[96] 孙丽琴, 陈兵, 阚瑞峰, 等. 高灵敏度快速扫描光腔衰荡光谱方法探测大气CH4含量[J]. 光学学报, 2015, 35(9): 0930002.

    Sun L Q, Chen B, Kan R F, et al. High-sensitivity rapidly swept cavity ringdown spectroscopy for monitoring ambient CH4[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2015, 35(9): 0930002.

[97] Astel A, Walna B. Szczepaniak I K K, et al. Application of chemometry to the comparison of atmospheric precipitation pollution profiles in urban and ecologically protected areas[J]. Chemia Analityczna, 2006, 51(3): 377-389.

[98] Yang X, Lan Y, Meng J, et al. Effects of maize stover and its derived biochar on greenhouse gases emissions and C-budget of brown earth in Northeast China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017, 24(9): 8200-8209.

[99] 毕哲, 周泽义, 王德发, 等. 大气本底温室气体测量标准物质研究进展[J]. 化学分析计量, 2014, 23(6): 97-102.

    Bi Z, Zhou Z Y, Wang D F, et al. Research progress of reference materials for atmospheric background greenhouse gases measurement[J]. Chemical Analysis and Meterage, 2014, 23(6): 97-102.

[100] Zhao X D, Wu L, Wang J, et al. Concentration variation and law of greenhouse gases in National Station for Background Atmospheric Monitoring, Menyuan, Qinghai, China and compare with Xining[J]. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019, 233: 052044.

[101] Lee S J, Song S K, Han S B. Influence of greenhouse gases on radiative forcing at urban center and background sites on Jeju Island using the atmospheric radiative transfer model[J]. Atmosphere, 2017, 27(4): 423-433.

[102] Nyfeler P, Schanda R, Moret H, et al. Measurements of greenhouse gases at Beromunster tall-tower station in Switzerland[J]. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2016, 9(6): 2603-2614.

[103] Gomez-Pelaez A J, Ramos R, Cuevas E, et al. Atmospheric CO2, CH4, and CO with the CRDS technique at the Izaña Global GAW station: instrumental tests, developments, and first measurement results[J]. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2019, 12(4): 2043-2066.

[104] Morgan E J. Lavri J V, Seifert T, et al. Continuous measurements of greenhouse gases and atmospheric oxygen at the Namib Desert Atmospheric Observatory[J]. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions, 2015, 8(2): 1511-1558.

[105] Berhanu T A, Satar E, Schanda R, et al. Measurements of greenhouse gases at Beromünster tall tower station in Switzerland[J]. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions, 2015, 8(10): 10793-10822.

[106] Gao J, Yao T, Masson-Delmotte V, et al. Collapsing glaciers threaten Asia's water supplies[J]. Nature, 2019, 565(7737): 19-21.

[107] Yao T D, Thompson L, Yang W, et al. Different glacier status with atmospheric circulations in Tibetan Plateau and surroundings[J]. Nature Climate Change, 2012, 2(9): 663-667.

[108] Zhang G Q, Yao T D, Piao S L, et al. Extensive and drastically different alpine lake changes on Asia's high plateaus during the past four decades[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2017, 44(1): 252-260.

[109] Farinotti D, Longuevergne L, Moholdt G, et al. Substantial glacier mass loss in the Tien Shan over the past 50 years[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2015, 8(9): 716-722.

[110] 姚檀栋, 陈发虎, 崔鹏, 等. 从青藏高原到第三极和泛第三极[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2017, 32(9): 924-931.

    Yao T D, Chen F H, Cui P, et al. From Tibetan Plateau to third pole and pan-third pole[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2017, 32(9): 924-931.

[111] Wu X J, Wang X S, Wang Y, et al. Origin of water in the Badain Jaran Desert, China: new insight from isotopes[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2017, 21(9): 4419-4431.

[112] 王根绪, 钱鞠, 程国栋. 生态水文科学研究的现状与展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2001, 16(3): 314-323.

    Wang G X, Qian J, Cheng G D. Current situation and prospect of the ecological hydrology[J]. Advance in Earth Sciences, 2001, 16(3): 314-323.

[113] 张玉翠, 孙宏勇, 沈彦俊, 等. 氢氧稳定同位素技术在生态系统水分耗散中的应用研究进展[J]. 地理科学, 2012, 32(3): 289-293.

    Zhang Y C, Sun H Y, Shen Y J, et al. Application of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes technique in the water depletion of ecosystems[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2012, 32(3): 289-293.

[114] 崔江鹏, 田立德, 刘琴, 等. 青藏高原中部大气水汽稳定同位素捕捉到印度洋台风“费林”信号[J]. 科学通报, 2014, 59(35): 3526-3532.

    Cui J P, Tian L D, Liu Q, et al. Signal of Typhoon Phailin from Indian Ocean captured by atmospheric water vapor isotope, central Tibetan Plateau[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2014, 59(35): 3526-3532.

[115] 姚檀栋, 丁良福, 蒲建辰, 等. 青藏高原唐古拉山地区降雪中δ18O特征及其与水汽来源的关系[J]. 科学通报, 1991, 36(20): 1570-1573.

    Yao T D, Ding L F, Pu J C, et al. The characteristics of δ18O during snowfall in Tanggula Mountain area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its relationship with water vapor source[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1991, 36(20): 1570-1573.

[116] An W L, Hou S G, Zhang W B, et al. Corrigendum: possible recent warming hiatus on the northwestern Tibetan Plateau derived from ice core records[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7: 46863.

[117] Liu J, Liu W, An Z, et al. Different hydrogen isotope fractionations during lipid formation in higher plants: implications for paleohydrology reconstruction at a global scale[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6: 19711.

[118] 柳景峰, 效存德, 丁明虎, 等. 南极科考断面水汽同位素观测与模拟及其反映的水循环信息[J]. 冰川冻土, 2014, 36(6): 1440-1449.

    Liu J F, Xiao C D, Ding M H, et al. Observing and modeling the atmospheric water vapor isotopes in south hemisphere and their implication of water cycle[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2014, 36(6): 1440-1449.

[119] Lis G, Wassenaar L I, Hendry M J. High-precision laser spectroscopy D/H and 18O/ 16O measurements of microliter natural water samples[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 2008, 80(1): 287-293.

[120] Gupta P, Noone D, Galewsky J, et al. Demonstration of high-precision continuous measurements of water vapor isotopologues in laboratory and remote field deployments using wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopy (WS-CRDS) technology[J]. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2009, 23(16): 2534-2542.

[121] Kei Y. Stable water isotopes in climatology, meteorology, and hydrology: a review[J]. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 2015, 93(5): 513-533.

[122] Reeburgh W S. Oceanic methane biogeochemistry[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2007, 107(2): 486-513.

[123] Valentine D L, Kastner M, Wardlaw G D, et al. Biogeochemical investigations of marine methane seeps, Hydrate Ridge, Oregon[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 2005, 110(G2): G02005.

[124] Ruppel C D, Kessler J D. The interaction of climate change and methane hydrates[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 2017, 55(1): 126-168.

[125] 孙春岩, 赵浩, 贺会策, 等. 海洋底水原位探测技术与中国南海天然气水合物勘探[J]. 地学前缘, 2017, 24(6): 225-241.

    Sun C Y, Zhao H, He H C, et al. In-situ detection of ocean floor seawater and gas hydrate exploration in the South China Sea[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2017, 24(6): 225-241.

[126] Garcia M L, Masson M. Environmental and geologic application of solid-state methane sensors[J]. Environmental Geology, 2004, 46(8): 1059-1063.

[127] Isern A R. National science foundation's ocean observatory initiative[J]. Sea Technology, 2005, 46(6): 55-59.

[128] McCartt A D, Ognibene T, Bench G, et al. Measurements of carbon-14 with cavity ring-down spectroscopy[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B, 2015, 361: 277-280.

[129] Genoud G, Lehmuskoski J, Bell S, et al. Laser spectroscopy for monitoring of radiocarbon in atmospheric samples[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 2019, 91(19): 12315-12320.

[130] Terabayashi R, Saito K, Sonnenschein V, et al. Mid-infrared cavity ring-down spectroscopy using DFB quantum cascade laser with optical feedback for radiocarbon detection[J]. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 2020, 59(9): 092007.

[131] Chen Y, Mahaffy P, Holmes V, et al. Near infrared cavity ring-down spectroscopy for isotopic analyses of CH4 on future Martian surface missions[J]. Planetary and Space Science, 2015, 105: 117-122.

[132] Bauska T K, Walters G, Gázquez F, et al. Online differential thermal isotope analysis of hydration water in minerals by cavity ringdown laser spectroscopy[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 2018, 90(1): 752-759.

[133] Chen Y, Lehmann K K, Kessler J, et al. Measurement of the 13C/ 12C of atmospheric CH4 using near-infrared (NIR) cavity ring-down spectroscopy[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 2013, 85(23): 11250-11257.