永磁偏置径向磁轴承能量优化与实验

针对磁悬浮飞轮低功耗的要求, 对一种经典永磁偏置径向磁轴承进行能量优化研究。介绍了磁轴承的磁路结构和工作原理, 基于磁轴承电流刚度和位移刚度数学模型, 提取出轴承能量优化因子σ。在此基础上, 建立了磁轴承功耗的目标函数, 并对磁轴承功耗进行优化, 得到了最优功耗数学表达式及其对应的σ大小。通过有限元法对轴承功耗优化结果进行仿真验证, 其结果与理论分析结果基本吻合。在此基础上, 基于优化结果研制了一套磁轴承, 并通过改进现有15 Nms磁悬浮飞轮进行功耗测试。结果表明: 振幅为10 μm时, 单组绕组的最优功耗为0.87 W, 与理论最优值0.79 W的最大误差为9%。该能量优化方法提高了磁轴承低功耗设计效率, 对飞轮系统整体功耗优化具有重要意义。

Abstract

To address the requirement for low power of a magnetically suspended flywheel, the energy optimization of permanent magnet-biased radial magnetic bearing is studied. The magnetic circuit and working principles are introduced, based on the current stiffness and displacement stiffness mathematical models of a magnetic bearing, and the energy optimization factor σ of a magnetic bearing is obtained. The objective function of the power consumption of the magnetic bearing is then established, followed by optimization of the consumption. Subsequently, a mathematical expression for optimal power consumption and the value of σ are determined. The power consumption of the magnetic bearing is simulated and verified using the finite element method. The obtained results are tallied with the results of the theoretical analysis. Finally, based on the results of the optimization, a magnetic bearing is developed and power consumption is tested to improve the existing 15-Nms magnetically suspended flywheel. The results show that when the amplitude is 10 μm, the value of optimal power consumption for each winding is 0.85 W, with a maximum error of 7% compared with the theoretical optimal power consumption of 0.79 W. The designed efficiency of a magnetic bearing consuming low power is improved using the energy optimization method, which is important for the power optimization of flywheel systems.

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