Absorption and scattering effects of Maalox, chlorophyll, and sea salt on a micro-LED-based underwater wireless optical communication [Invited]

Pengfei Tian; Honglan Chen; Peiyao Wang; Xiaoyan Liu; Xinwei Chen; Gufan Zhou; Shuailong Zhang; Jie Lu; Pengjiang Qiu; Zeyuan Qian; Xiaolin Zhou; Zhilai Fang; Lirong Zheng; Ran Liu; Xugao Cui

doi:doi:10.3788/COL201917.100010

Chinese Optics Letters, 2019, 17 (10): 100010, Published Online: Oct. 15, 2019

Absorption and scattering effects of Maalox, chlorophyll, and sea salt on a micro-LED-based underwater wireless optical communication [Invited] Download： 958次

Pengfei Tian ^1,*Honglan Chen ¹Peiyao Wang ¹Xiaoyan Liu ¹Xinwei Chen ¹Gufan Zhou ¹Shuailong Zhang ²Jie Lu ¹Pengjiang Qiu ¹Zeyuan Qian ¹Xiaolin Zhou ¹Zhilai Fang ¹Lirong Zheng ¹Ran Liu ¹Xugao Cui ^1,**

Author Affiliations

¹ Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center of Advanced Lighting Technology, and Academy of Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China

² Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1. Images of (a) the transmission link, (b) the packaged micro-LED transmitter, the light beam through (c) tap water, (d) $100.24 {mg / m}^{3}$ Maalox, (e) $1207.73 {mg / m}^{3}$ chlorophyll, and (f) $5 {kg / m}^{3}$ sea salt solutions, and (g) the APD receiver.

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Fig. 2. (a) I-V characteristic of the micro-LED. (b) The EL spectra under different currents of the micro-LED. (c) Light output powers at the receiving end with increasing driving currents of the micro-LED in varied concentrations of Maalox solution.

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Fig. 3. (a) Experimental attenuation coefficients and the fitting results in water with different Maalox concentrations. The purple dash line shows the attenuation coefficients of four typical water qualities. (b) Variation of BERs with increasing data rates with different Maalox concentrations.

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Fig. 4. Data rate versus attenuation of light output power with different Maalox concentrations at the BER of $3 \times 10^{- 3}$ .

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Fig. 5. Eye diagrams at different concentrations of Maalox of (a) $200.48 {mg / m}^{3}$ , (b) $400.97 {mg / m}^{3}$ , and (c) $1603.86 {mg / m}^{3}$ at a data rate of 200 Mbps, (d) $200.48 {mg / m}^{3}$ at a data rate of 800 Mbps, (e) $400.97 {mg / m}^{3}$ at a data rate of 690 Mbps, and (f) $1603.86 {mg / m}^{3}$ at a data rate of 270 Mbps.

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Fig. 6. (a) Experimental attenuation coefficients and the fitting results in water with different chlorophyll concentrations. (b) Variation of BERs with increasing data rates for different chlorophyll concentrations.

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Fig. 7. (a) Experimental attenuation coefficients and the fitting results in water with different sea salt concentrations. (b) Variation of BERs with increasing data rates for different sea salt concentrations, measured by 1 GHz APD.

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Fig. 8. Transmission spectra of water with different Maalox concentrations.

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Pengfei Tian, Honglan Chen, Peiyao Wang, Xiaoyan Liu, Xinwei Chen, Gufan Zhou, Shuailong Zhang, Jie Lu, Pengjiang Qiu, Zeyuan Qian, Xiaolin Zhou, Zhilai Fang, Lirong Zheng, Ran Liu, Xugao Cui. Absorption and scattering effects of Maalox, chlorophyll, and sea salt on a micro-LED-based underwater wireless optical communication [Invited][J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2019, 17(10): 100010.

Absorption and scattering effects of Maalox, chlorophyll, and sea salt on a micro-LED-based underwater wireless optical communication [Invited] Download： 958次

Fig. 1. Images of (a) the transmission link, (b) the packaged micro-LED transmitter, the light beam through (c) tap water, (d) $100.24 {mg / m}^{3}$ Maalox, (e) $1207.73 {mg / m}^{3}$ chlorophyll, and (f) $5 {kg / m}^{3}$ sea salt solutions, and (g) the APD receiver.

Fig. 2. (a) I-V characteristic of the micro-LED. (b) The EL spectra under different currents of the micro-LED. (c) Light output powers at the receiving end with increasing driving currents of the micro-LED in varied concentrations of Maalox solution.

Fig. 3. (a) Experimental attenuation coefficients and the fitting results in water with different Maalox concentrations. The purple dash line shows the attenuation coefficients of four typical water qualities. (b) Variation of BERs with increasing data rates with different Maalox concentrations.

Fig. 4. Data rate versus attenuation of light output power with different Maalox concentrations at the BER of $3 \times 10^{- 3}$ .

Fig. 6. (a) Experimental attenuation coefficients and the fitting results in water with different chlorophyll concentrations. (b) Variation of BERs with increasing data rates for different chlorophyll concentrations.

Fig. 7. (a) Experimental attenuation coefficients and the fitting results in water with different sea salt concentrations. (b) Variation of BERs with increasing data rates for different sea salt concentrations, measured by 1 GHz APD.

Fig. 8. Transmission spectra of water with different Maalox concentrations.

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Absorption and scattering effects of Maalox, chlorophyll, and sea salt on a micro-LED-based underwater wireless optical communication [Invited] Download： 958次

Fig. 1. Images of (a) the transmission link, (b) the packaged micro-LED transmitter, the light beam through (c) tap water, (d) 100.24 mg/m3 Maalox, (e) 1207.73 mg/m3 chlorophyll, and (f) 5 kg/m3 sea salt solutions, and (g) the APD receiver.

Fig. 2. (a) I-V characteristic of the micro-LED. (b) The EL spectra under different currents of the micro-LED. (c) Light output powers at the receiving end with increasing driving currents of the micro-LED in varied concentrations of Maalox solution.

Fig. 3. (a) Experimental attenuation coefficients and the fitting results in water with different Maalox concentrations. The purple dash line shows the attenuation coefficients of four typical water qualities. (b) Variation of BERs with increasing data rates with different Maalox concentrations.

Fig. 4. Data rate versus attenuation of light output power with different Maalox concentrations at the BER of 3×10−3.

Fig. 5. Eye diagrams at different concentrations of Maalox of (a) 200.48 mg/m3, (b) 400.97 mg/m3, and (c) 1603.86 mg/m3 at a data rate of 200 Mbps, (d) 200.48 mg/m3 at a data rate of 800 Mbps, (e) 400.97 mg/m3 at a data rate of 690 Mbps, and (f) 1603.86 mg/m3 at a data rate of 270 Mbps.

Fig. 6. (a) Experimental attenuation coefficients and the fitting results in water with different chlorophyll concentrations. (b) Variation of BERs with increasing data rates for different chlorophyll concentrations.

Fig. 7. (a) Experimental attenuation coefficients and the fitting results in water with different sea salt concentrations. (b) Variation of BERs with increasing data rates for different sea salt concentrations, measured by 1 GHz APD.

Fig. 8. Transmission spectra of water with different Maalox concentrations.

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Fig. 1. Images of (a) the transmission link, (b) the packaged micro-LED transmitter, the light beam through (c) tap water, (d) $100.24 {mg / m}^{3}$ Maalox, (e) $1207.73 {mg / m}^{3}$ chlorophyll, and (f) $5 {kg / m}^{3}$ sea salt solutions, and (g) the APD receiver.

Fig. 4. Data rate versus attenuation of light output power with different Maalox concentrations at the BER of $3 \times 10^{- 3}$ .