[1] Zheng L X, Ruan X Y, Chen Y B, et al. Shadow removal for pedestrian detection and tracking in indoor environments[J]. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 2017, 76(18): 18321–18337.

[2] Yang W D, Guo W, Peng K, et al. Research on removing sha-dow in workpiece image based on homomorphic filtering[J]. Procedia Engineering, 2012, 29: 2360–2364.

[3] Vicente T F Y, Hoai M, Samaras D. Leave-one-out kernel opti-mization for shadow detection and removal[J]. IEEE Transac-tions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2018, 40(3): 682–695.

[4] Zhou Y H, Sun L, Zhang J B. A shadow elimination method based on color and texture[C]//Proceedings of 2010 IEEE In-ternational Conference on Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems, Xiamen, China, 2010: 8–11.

[5] Jia Y, Yu X, Dai J, et al. A novel moving cast shadow detection of vehicles in traffic scene[M]//Yang J, Fang F, Sun C Y. Intel-ligent Science and Intelligent Data Engineering. Berlin, Hei-delberg: Springer, 2013: 115–124.

[6] Leone A, Distante C. Shadow detection for moving objects based on texture analysis[J]. Pattern Recognition, 2007, 40(4): 1222–1233.

[7] 曹健, 陈红倩 , 张凯, 等. 结合区域颜色和纹理的运动阴影检测方法[J].机器人, 2011, 33(5): 628–633.

    Cao J, Chen H Q, Zhang K, et al. Moving cast shadow detec Highway Bungalows Outdoor Indoor -tion based on region color and texture[J]. Robot, 2011, 33(5): 628–633.

[8] Al-Najdawi N. Cast shadow modelling and detection[J]. Loughborough University, 2006. Ai-Najdawi N, Bez H E, Ediri-singhe E A. A Novel Approach For Cast Shadow Modelling and Detection[C]//Iet International Conference on Visual Informa-tion Engineering. IET, 2007: 553–558.

[9] Sanin A, Sanderson C, Lovell B C. Improved shadow removal for robust person tracking in surveillance scena-rios[C]//Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Istanbul, Turkey, 2010: 141–144.

[10] Hu X B, Huang X Y. Solving 0–1 knapsack problem based on ant colony optimization algorithm[J]. Journal of Systems Engi-neering, 2005, 20(5): 520–523.胡小兵 , 黄席樾 . 基于蚁群优化算法的 0-1背包问题求解 [J]. 系统工程学报, 2005, 20(5): 520–523.

[11] Zhu L J, Yuan W Q. An eyelash extraction method based on improved ant colony algorithm[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2016, 43(6): 44–50. 朱立军, 苑玮琦. 一种改进蚁群算法的睫毛提取 [J]. 光电工程, 2016, 43(6): 44–50.

[12] Liu G H, Zhao L, Sun J G, et al. An Otsu image threshold segmentation method based on improved particle swarm opti-mization[J]. Computer Science, 2016, 43(3): 309–312.刘桂红, 赵亮, 孙劲光, 等. 一种改进粒子群优化算法的 Otsu图像阈值分割方法[J].计算机科学, 2016, 43(3): 309–312.

[13] Li G S, Chou W S. Path planning for mobile robot using self-adaptive learning particle swarm optimization[J]. Science China Information Sciences, 2018, 61(5): 052204.

[14] Liu Z G, Ji X H, Liu Y X. Hybrid non-parametric particle swarm optimization and its stability analysis[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2017, 92: 256–275.

[15] Xu C P, Cai Z, Hu C. On-line test path optimization for digital microfluidic biochips based on ant colony algorithm[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2014, 35(6): 1417–1424.许川佩 , 蔡震, 胡聪. 基于蚁群算法的数字微流控生物芯片在线测试路径优化[J].仪器仪表学报, 2014, 35(6): 1417–1424.

[16] Zhou C H, Tian L W, Zhao H W, et al. A method of two-dimensional Otsu image threshold segmentation based on improved firefly algorithm[C]//Proceedings of 2015 IEEE Inter-national Conference on Cyber Technology in Automation, Con-trol, and Intelligent Systems, Shenyang, China, 2015: 1420–1424.

[17] Huang L, Fang Y M, Zuo X Q, et al. Automatic change detec-tion method of multitemporal remote sensing images based on 2D-otsu algorithm improved by firefly algorithm[J]. Journal of Sensors, 2015, 2015: 327123.

[18] Lieu Q X, Do D T T, Lee J. An adaptive hybrid evolutionary firefly algorithm for shape and size optimization of truss struc-tures with frequency constraints[J]. Computers & Structures, 2018, 195: 99–112.

[19] Liu J, Jin W D. Fast thresholding algorithm of 2D Otsu for low SNR image[J]. Application Research of Computers, 2013, 30(10): 3169–3171, 3200.刘金, 金炜东. 噪声图像的快速二维 Otsu阈值分割[J].计算机应用研究, 2013, 30(10): 3169–3171, 3200.

[20] Ojala T, Pietikainen M, Maenpaa T. Multiresolution gray-scale and rotation invariant texture classification with local binary patterns[J]. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Ma-chine Intelligence, 2002, 24(7): 971–987.