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图 & 表

图 1. 激光表面处理技术的分类

Fig. 1. Classification of laser surface treatment technologies

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图 2. 微观组织。(a)激光淬硬区微观组织;(b)激光淬硬区金相微观组织;(c)激光淬硬区边界微观组织;(d)基体金相微观组织

Fig. 2. Microstructures. (a) Laser hardened microstructure; (b) metallographic microstructure in laser hardened region; (c) boundary microstructure in laser hardened region; (d) metallographic phase in matrix microstructure

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图 3. 激光熔覆工艺示意图[44]

Fig. 3. Schematic of laser cladding process[44]

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图 4. 激光熔覆层及20CrMo基体的磨损失重图

Fig. 4. Abrasion loss of laser cladding layer and 20CrMo matrix

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图 5. Mo含量与合金化层硬度的关系曲线

Fig. 5. Relationship between Mo content and hardness of alloyed layer

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图 6. 激光冲击原理图[54]

Fig. 6. Schematic of laser shock[54]

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图 7. 45#钢表面织构对摩擦因数的影响(52HRC)[36]

Fig. 7. Influence of 45# steel surface texture on friction factor (52HRC)[36]

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图 8. 激光参数对凹坑直径和深度的影响。 (a)加工数目;(b)速度;(c)功率;(d)频率

Fig. 8. Influences of laser parameters on pit diameter and depth. (a) Number; (b) speed; (c) power; (d) frequency

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表 1激光表面处理在石油机械中的应用

Table1. Applications of laser surface treatment in petroleum machinery

Machinepart Technology Material Laser Power /kW Speed /(mm·s-1) Pre-processinghardness Post-processinghardness Improvedperformance Year Hot rolledsteel Lasercleaning Q235 Nd∶YAG 0.05-0.60 HRC16 Oxide layereffectivelyremoved 2017[16] Lasercladding ofCu-Mnalloys 45 CO2 Nano porouscoatingsuccessfullyprepared 2011[17] Pipe Laserquenching 37CrMnMo 2 1200 HRC34 HRC60 Wearresistance/Hardeningdepth 2015[19] Bearing Laserquenching 18CrNiMo CO2 1.1 55 HRC11 HRC65 Hardness/Wear resistance 2016[20] Mudpumpliner Laserquenching high-chromiumiron CO2 2.5 17 HRC47-52 HRC107 Wearresistance/Service life 2017[21] Gear Laserquenching 20CrMnTi CO2 0.15 16 HRC52 HRC62 Wearresistance/Corrosionresistance 2017[22] Oilpump Laserquenching/nitriding 35CrMoA CO2 2 33 HRC32 HRC67 Hardness/Wearresistance 2010[23] Laserfusion/quenching 42CrMo Fiber 1.5 3.3 HRC31 HRC59 Hardness 2011[24] Bentaxle Lasercladding ofFe base alloy 45 CO2 4 8.3 HRC15 HRC53 Hardness 2014[25] Laserquenching/nitriding 30CrMnSi CO2 1 HRC30 HRC62 Hardness/Thickness 2015[26] Blowerrotor Lasercladding ofNi basepowder 40Cr CO2 2 HRC25 Recovered 2011[27] Waterpumpplunger Lasercladding ofNi basepowder 45 1.2 5 HRC45 HRC53 Servicelife/Cost 2017[28] Steamturbinecylinder Lasercladding ofCo basepowder 25 1.2 11.6 Repaired 2017[29] Lasercladding ofCaF2/Nipowder Q235A Fiber 2.2 2.6 HRC13 HRC66 Hardness 2017[30] N80tubing Laseralloying ofalloypowder CO2 2.8~3.1 11.6 HRC24 HRC55 Hardness/Corrosionresistance 2017[31] Screw Lasernanoalloying 40Cr CO2 2~2.5 3.3~6.6 HRC25 HRC62 Hardness/Service life 2007[32] Turbineblade Laseralloying ofalloypowder 2Cr13 CO2 3.3~6.6 HRC25 HRC60 Hardness 2007[33] Weldedjoint ofX80pipeline Lasershockpeening X80 Nd∶YAG Fatiguestrength 2014[34] Dry gasseal ring Laserablation SiC/SiNi Fiber Flexibleprocessing 2013[35] Lasersurfacetexture 45 Fiber Hardness/Wearresistance 2017[36]

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表 2激光淬火与其他常见表面淬火方法的比较

Table2. Comparison between laser quenching and other common surface quenching methods

Quenchingmethod Hardenedlayerhardness Hardenedlayer wearresistance Hardenedlayer fatigueresistance Productionefficiency Controllability Processingcost Deformation Laserquenching Higher Better Better High Higher High Smaller Inductionhardening High Good Good Higher High Moderate Small Flamehardening Lower Good Good Low Lower Lower Large Plasmaquenching Higher Better Good High Lower Moderate Smaller Carburizing andquenching High Good Good High Higher Moderate Smaller Nitriding andquenching Higher General General Lower Higher High Smaller Carbonitriding Higher Better Better Lower High High Smaller

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表 3直径为73.02 mm的N80油管螺纹在激光淬火前后的尺寸极限偏差的检测对比[40]

Table3. Detection and comparison of dimensional limit deviations of ?73.02 mm N80 tubing before and after laser quenching[40]

SampleNo. Name ofartifact Testitem API standardtolerance Laser pre-quenchingtolerance Appearance Laserhardeningtolerance Appearance 2RY Collarinternalthread Tightness /mm 4.85±3.81 5.68 Qualified 5.72 Qualified Pitch deviation /(mm/25.4 mm) ±0.076 -0.02 Qualified -0.02 Qualified Taper /(mm·mm-1) 62.5+5.208or 62.5-2.6 63.0 Qualified 63.0 Qualified Depthdeviation /mm +0.050 or-0.102 -0.02 Qualified -0.02 Qualified 2RYA Pipeoutsidethread Tightness /mm ±3.81 0.80 Qualified 0.84 Qualified Pitch deviation /(mm/25.4 mm) ±0.076 -0.013 Qualified -0.013 Qualified Taper /(mm·mm-1) 62.5+5.208or 62.5-2.6 63.5 Qualified 63.5 Qualified Depthdeviation /mm +0.050 or-0.102 -0.02 Qualified -0.02 Qualified

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黄俊媛, 沈泽俊, 张立新, 魏松波, 杨盈莹, 朱世佳, 钱杰, 陈琳. 激光表面处理技术在石油机械中的应用[J]. 激光与光电子学进展, 2019, 56(6): 060005. Junyuan Huang, Zejun Shen, Lixin Zhang, Songbo Wei, Yingying Yang, Shijia Zhu, Jie Qian, Lin Chen. Applications of Laser Surface Treatment Technologies in Petroleum Machinery[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2019, 56(6): 060005.