星载激光通信端机可重复锁紧/解锁机构设计

针对星载激光通信端机伺服转动系统在轨期间多次锁紧/解锁需求, 提出了一种基于形状记忆合金(SMA)丝的可重复锁紧/解锁机构。首先, 分析了重复锁紧/解锁机构利用弹簧分力实现锁紧和SMA丝输出回复应力实现解锁的工作原理, 利用杠杆原理优化了锁紧力与锁紧位移; 其次, 仿真分析了锁紧力与解锁力之间的平衡关系, 以及锁紧力对整机模态的影响; 最后, 研制了原理样机, 实验验证了解锁力、解锁时间与供电电流的关系、重复锁紧/解锁功能, 以及高温、振动等航天环境对锁紧机构可靠性影响等问题。实验结果显示, 该机构可提供1 000 N锁紧力, 在输入12 V/3 A电源时, 最大解锁时间不超过2 s, 在环境温度90 ℃以下可保证稳定可靠锁紧, 并可实现多次重复锁紧/解锁。该机构具有轻小型、低冲击、可重复、低功耗优点, 满足星载激光通信端机多次锁紧/解锁需求, 应用潜力巨大。

Abstract

A repetitive locking/unlocking mechanism based on a Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wire was proposed to meet the multiple locking/unlocking requirements of the servo system of an onboard laser communication terminal during orbit. First, the working principle of a repeated locking/unlocking mechanism that used a spring component to realize locking and that of an SMA wire output return stress to unlock were analyzed. The locking principle was applied to optimize the locking force and displacement. Second, the locking force was simulated and analyzed. The balance between the unlocking force and the influence of the locking force on the modal of the whole machine was also considered. Finally, a prototype was developed, and the repeated locking/unlocking function as well as the relationships among the unlocking force, unlocking time, and supply current were verified experimentally. Problems such as high temperature, vibration, and different aerospace environments that affect the reliability of the locking mechanism were investigated. Experimental results show that the mechanism can provide a 1 000-N locking force. When a 12 V/3 A power supply is input, the maximum unlocking time does not exceed 2 s. Under an ambient temperature of 90 °C, stable and reliable locking can be ensured, and multiple repetitions of locking/unlocking can be realized. The mechanism has the advantages of being light, small, and repeatable and of having low impact and low power consumption, thus meeting the requirements of multiple locking/unlocking of an onboard laser communication terminal. The mechanism thus demonstrates great application potential.

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孟立新, 孟令臣, 李小明, 张家齐, 迟铁, 张立中. 星载激光通信端机可重复锁紧/解锁机构设计[J]. 光学精密工程, 2019, 27(7): 1544. MENG Li-xin, MENG Ling-chen, LI Xiao-ming, ZHANG Jia-qi, CHI Tie, ZHANG Li-zhong. Design of repeatable locking/unlocking mechanism for spaceborne laser communication terminal[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering, 2019, 27(7): 1544.

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