针对快速运动的机载观测平台对海面舰艇进行无源定位的特定应用背景，研究了单机多点测向交叉定位问题。建立了伪线性最小二乘估计模型。通过对定位误差与目标几何分布关系的研究，分析了初始参考点选取问题。数学推导得到在目标距离和载机机动距离一定时，载机的最优机动方向的解析表达式。仿真结果表明，通过优化机动方向，减少了初始参考点的误差，提高了定位精度，增强了定位稳定性，有效改善了单机多点测向交叉定位系统的定位性能。

The passive locating of surface vessels from the rapidly-moving airborne observer was studied. The single airborne station, multi-point cross locating was analyzed, and the pseudo-linear least squares estimation model was built up. The relationship of the location error and the distribution of target was studied, and the method for finding the initial reference point was analyzed. The expression of the optimal maneuver direction of the aircraft was obtained with given target distance and aircraft maneuvering distance through mathematical calculation. The simulation results showed that by optimizing the maneuvering direction, the error of initial reference point can be decreased and the locating precision can be increased, which may improve the locating performance of single airborne bearing-only passive location.