[1] 曹俊诚. 半导体太赫兹源、探测器与应用[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2012: 1.

    Cao JC. Semiconductor terahertz source detector and application[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2012: 1.

[2] 符张龙, 李锐志, 李弘义, 等. 基于太赫兹量子级联激光器的生物医学成像研究进展[J]. 中国激光, 2020, 47(2): 0207014.

    Fu Z L, Li R Z, Li H Y, et al. Progress in biomedical imaging based on terahertz quantum cascade lasers[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2020, 47(2): 0207014.

[3] 谭智勇, 曹俊诚. 基于太赫兹半导体量子阱器件的光电表征技术及应用[J]. 中国激光, 2019, 46(6): 0614004.

    Tan Z Y, Cao J C. Photoelectric characterization technique based on terahertz semiconductor quantum-well devices and its applications[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2019, 46(6): 0614004.

[4] Kumar S. Recent progress in terahertz quantum cascade lasers[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2011, 17(1): 38-47.

[5] 邬崇朝. 窄光束、高功率、频率可调谐的THz量子级联激光器[J]. 中国激光, 2019, 46(10): 1001002.

    Wu C Z. Terahertz quantum cascade lasers with narrow beam, high output power, and frequency tunability[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2019, 46(10): 1001002.

[6] Köhler R, Tredicucci A, Beltram F, et al. Terahertz semiconductor-heterostructure laser[J]. Nature, 2002, 417(6885): 156-159.

[7] Williams B S. Terahertz quantum-cascade lasers[J]. Nature Photonics, 2007, 1(9): 517-525.

[8] Zeng Y Q, Qiang B, Wang Q J. Photonic engineering technology for the development of terahertz quantum cascade lasers[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 2020, 8(3): 1900573.

[9] Williams B S, Kumar S, Hu Q, et al. High-power terahertz quantum-cascade lasers[J]. Electronics Letters, 2006, 42(2): 89-91.

[10] Li L H, Chen L, Zhu J, et al. Terahertz quantum cascade lasers with >1 W output powers[J]. Electronics Letters, 2014, 50(4): 309-311.

[11] Fathololoumi S, Dupont E. Chan C W I, et al. Terahertz quantum cascade lasers operating up to- 200 K with optimized oscillator strength and improved injection tunneling[J]. Optics Express, 2012, 20(4): 3866-3876.

[12] Deutsch C, Kainz M A, Krall M, et al. High-power growth-robust InGaAs/InAlAs terahertz quantum cascade lasers[J]. ACS Photonics, 2017, 4(4): 957-962.

[13] Deutsch C, Krall M, Brandstetter M, et al. High performance InGaAs/GaAsSb terahertz quantum cascade lasers operating up to 142 K[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2012, 101(21): 211117.

[14] Hirayama H, Terashima W. Recent progress of THz-quantum cascade lasers using nitride-based materials[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 2015, 9585: 958504.

[15] Walther C, Fischer M, Scalari G, et al. Quantum cascade lasers operating from 1.2 to 1.6 THz[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2007, 91(13): 131122.

[16] Chan C W I, Hu Q, Reno J L. Ground state terahertz quantum cascade lasers[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2012, 101(15): 151108.

[17] Rösch M, Scalari G, Beck M, et al. Octave-spanning semiconductor laser[J]. Nature Photonics, 2015, 9(1): 42-47.

[18] Kumar S, Hu Q, Reno J L. 186 K operation of terahertz quantum-cascade lasers based on a diagonal design[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2009, 94(13): 131105.

[19] Kumar S. Chan C W I, Hu Q, et al. A 1.8-THz quantum cascade laser operating significantly above the temperature of h-ω/kB[J]. Nature Physics, 2011, 7(2): 166-171.

[20] Bosco L, Franckié M, Scalari G, et al. Thermoelectrically cooled THz quantum cascade laser operating up to 210 K[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2019, 115(1): 010601.

[21] Brandstetter M, Deutsch C, Krall M, et al. High power terahertz quantum cascade lasers with symmetric wafer bonded active regions[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2013, 103(17): 171113.

[22] Li L H, Chen L, Freeman J R, et al. Multi-Watt high-power THz frequency quantum cascade lasers[J]. Electronics Letters, 2017, 53(12): 799-800.

[23] Wang X M, Shen C L, Jiang T, et al. High-power terahertz quantum cascade lasers with ~0.23 W in continuous wave mode[J]. AIP Advances, 2016, 6(7): 075210.

[24] Wan W J, Li H, Cao J C. Homogeneous spectral broadening of pulsed terahertz quantum cascade lasers by radio frequency modulation[J]. Optics Express, 2018, 26(2): 980-989.

[25] Kumar S, Williams B S, Qin Q, et al. Surface-emitting distributed feedback terahertz quantum-cascade lasers in metal-metal waveguides[J]. Optics Express, 2007, 15(1): 113-128.

[26] Xu G Y, Colombelli R, Khanna S P, et al. Efficient power extraction in surface-emitting semiconductor lasers using graded photonic heterostructures[J]. Nature Communications, 2012, 3: 952.

[27] Xu G Y, Li L H, Isac N, et al. Surface-emitting terahertz quantum cascade lasers with continuous-wave power in the tens of milliwatt range[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2014, 104(9): 091112.

[28] Jin Y, Gao L, Chen J, et al. High power surface emitting terahertz laser with hybrid second- and fourth-order Bragg gratings[J]. Nature Communications, 2018, 9(1): 1407.

[29] Amanti M I, Fischer M, Scalari G, et al. Low-divergence single-mode terahertz quantum cascade laser[J]. Nature Photonics, 2009, 3(10): 586-590.

[30] Wu C Z, Khanal S, Reno J L, et al. Terahertz plasmonic laser radiating in an ultra-narrow beam[J]. Optica, 2016, 3(7): 734-740.

[31] Biasco S, Garrasi K, Castellano F, et al. Continuous-wave highly-efficient low-divergence terahertz wire lasers[J]. Nature Communications, 2018, 9(1): 1122.

[32] Mujagic E, Deutsch C, Detz H, et al. Vertically emitting terahertz quantum cascade ring lasers[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2009, 95(1): 011120.

[33] Liang G Z, Liang H K, Zhang Y, et al. Low divergence single-mode surface-emitting concentric-circular-grating terahertz quantum cascade lasers[J]. Optics Express, 2013, 21(26): 31872-31882.

[34] Chassagneux Y, Colombelli R, Maineult W, et al. Electrically pumped photonic-crystal terahertz lasers controlled by boundary conditions[J]. Nature, 2009, 457(7226): 174-178.

[35] Sevin G, Fowler D, Xu G Y, et al. Optimized surface-emitting photonic-crystal terahertz quantum cascade lasers with reduced resonator dimensions[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2010, 97(13): 131101.

[36] Vitiello M S, Nobile M, Ronzani A, et al. Photonic quasi-crystal terahertz lasers[J]. Nature Communications, 2014, 5: 5884.

[37] Biasco S, Beere H E, Ritchie D, et al. Frequency-tunable continuous-wave random lasers at terahertz frequencies[J]. Light-Science & Applications, 2019, 8(1): 43.

[38] Xu L Y, Curwen C A. Hon P W C, et al. Metasurface external cavity laser[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2015, 107(22): 221105.

[39] Curwen C A, Reno J L, Williams B S. Terahertz quantum cascade VECSEL with watt-level output power[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2018, 113(1): 011104.

[40] Xu L Y, Chen D G, Curwen C A, et al. Metasurface quantum-cascade laser with electrically switchable polarization[J]. Optica, 2017, 4(4): 468-475.

[41] Curwen C A, Reno J L, Williams B S. Broadband continuous single-mode tuning of a short-cavity quantum-cascade VECSEL[J]. Nature Photonics, 2019, 13(12): 855-859.

[42] Wan W J, Li H, Zhou T, et al. Homogeneous spectral spanning of terahertz semiconductor lasers with radio frequency modulation[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1): 44109.

[43] Zhou K M, Li H, Wan W J, et al. Ridge width effect on comb operation in terahertz quantum cascade lasers[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2019, 114(19): 191106.

[44] Li H, Yan M, Wan W J, et al. Graphene-coupled terahertz semiconductor lasers for enhanced passive frequency comb operation[J]. Advanced Science, 2019, 6(20): 1900460.

[45] Li Z P, Wan W J, Zhou K, et al. On-chip dual-comb source based on terahertz quantum cascade lasers under microwave double injection[J]. Physical Review Applied, 2019, 12(4): 044068.

[46] Li H, Li Z P, Wan W J, et al. Toward compact and real-time terahertz dual-comb spectroscopy employing a self-detection scheme[J]. ACS Photonics, 2020, 7(1): 49-56.