内燃机激光多点点火技术研究进展

稀薄燃烧能够提高内燃机的热效率并降低污染物的排放,但稀薄燃烧的火焰传播速度慢且在高压下易出现局部淬火现象。激光诱导火花点火能够有效解决燃料在低当量比和高压下燃烧遇到的问题, 此外激光点火能够实现多点点火从而缩短燃烧时间并增大燃烧室压力,相较于传统的电火花塞点火技术具有很大优势。锥形腔、衍射透镜、空间光调制器和达曼光栅均已被用于实现多点激光诱导火花点火。归纳了多点激光诱导火花点火的几种技术途径, 讨论了内燃机多点激光诱导火花点火的研究状况和最新成果。对实现多点激光诱导火花点火的几种方法进行了评价, 并指出了每种方法在多点激光诱导火花点火中的优势和需要解决的问题。在此基础上, 对内燃机激光多点点火技术的研究前景进行了展望。

Abstract

Lean combustion can improve the thermal efficiency of an engine and reduce the emission of pollutants. But lean combustion is challenged by the low flame propagation and the possible local quenching of the initial flame kernel near the lean limit at high pressures. Laser-induced spark ignition can effectively solve these problems residing in the combustion process of the fuel at low equivalence ratio and high pressures. In addition, the laser-induced spark ignition can achieve multi-point ignition easily and can reduce the combustion time and increase the combustion pressure significantly. Therefore, laser induced spark ignition has many advantages over the traditional electric spark plug ignition technique. Conical cavity, diffractive lens, spatial light modulator and Dammam grating have been used to achieve the multi-point laser-induced spark ignition. Several technical approaches of multi-point laser induced spark ignition are summarized. The research status and the latest achievements of multi-point laser induced spark ignition for internal combustion engines are discussed. Several methods to achieve multi-point ignition of laser-induced spark are evaluated. Furthermore, the advantages and problems to be solved for each method in the multi-point ignition of laser induced spark are pointed out. On the basis of the above examinations, some suggestions on the future work are also proposed.

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高旭恒, 郭宁, 吴立志, 张伟, 沈瑞琪. 内燃机激光多点点火技术研究进展[J]. 激光技术, 2019, 43(4): 517. GAO Xuheng, GUO Ning, WU Lizhi, ZHANG Wei, SHEN Ruiqi. Review of multi-point laser ignition for internal combustion engines[J]. Laser Technology, 2019, 43(4): 517.

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