High-power ultrafast laser amplification based on a non-polarization maintaining fiber chirped pulse amplifier is demonstrated. The active polarization control technology based on the root-mean-square propagation (RMS-prop) algorithm is employed to guarantee a linearly polarized output from the system. A maximum output power of 402.3 W at a repetition rate of 80 MHz is realized with a polarization extinction ratio (PER) of > 11.4 dB. In addition, the reliable operation of the system is verified by examining the stability and noise properties of the amplified laser. The M² factor of the laser beam at the highest output power is measured to be less than 1.15, indicating a diffraction-limited beam quality. Finally, the amplified laser pulse is temporally compressed to 755 fs with a highest average power of 273.8 W. This is the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that the active polarization control technology was introduced into the high-power ultrafast fiber amplifier.

超快光纤激光相干合成技术是突破飞秒激光单根光纤功率提升受限的有效技术手段。基于光纤拉伸器锁相，并结合随机并行梯度下降（SPGD）算法，成功实现了两路超快激光相干偏振合成。该锁相方案不仅避免了采用常规电光相位调制器对脉冲信号造成的光谱调制，而且可有效降低系统的插入损耗，提高相位调制范围、耐受功率以及前级光源系统的紧凑性与鲁棒性。合成的最高功率为10.9 W，最高功率下合成效率为90.1%，闭环状态下锁相残差为λ/31。实验结果表明，采用光纤拉伸器和SPGD算法组成的相位控制系统，在超快激光相干合成领域具有较强的发展潜力。合成的脉冲在最高功率下可压缩至494 fs，压缩效率为73.3%，对应的单脉冲能量为3.99 μJ。