针对基于旁瓣光束衍射反演的强激光远场焦斑测量无法提取旁瓣图像更外围最小可测信号的问题，笔者提出了基于邻域向量主成分分析（NVPCA）图像增强的旁瓣弱光信号区域波峰参数检测方法。采取的主要优化措施为：首先，将旁瓣图像中的每个像素和它的8邻域像素看作一个列向量，构建一个9维数据立方体，选择主成分分析变换后的第1维数据为NVPCA图像；其次，通过角度变换转化检测对象，检测所有方向上一维旁瓣曲线的各个波峰参数，获得旁瓣弱光信号区域能量的量化分布；然后，搜索每个旁瓣波峰在所有方向上的极大值位置点，连接对应位置点生成每个旁瓣波峰的极大值圆环，计算各极大值圆环的灰度均值；最后，选择大于局域对比度方法（LCM）目标分离阈值且最小的极大值圆环的灰度均值作为整个旁瓣光束的最小可测信号。实验结果表明，采用基于NVPCA图像增强的旁瓣弱光信号检测方法能够从旁瓣图像的第5波峰环分离和提取最小可测信号，动态范围比值提升至原来的1.528倍，各旁瓣波峰参数满足精度要求，为未来大型激光装置强激光远场的精确测量奠定了基础。

In high power laser beam parameters measurement, attenuation scheme with high rate is key to far-field measurement. The far-field optical measurement system was analyzed and diameter of 95% encircled energy was used as important evaluation criterion of far-field measurement system. Measurement error of far-field optical measurement system and effect of attenuation with high rate on far-field measurement results were analyzed. Principle of attenuation scheme with high rate was established. By changing parameters of high attenuation rate in condition of single parallel plate, a pair of parallel plates and a pair of wedge flaps by Virtual Lab, influence of attenuation on the far-field measurement system was simulated and analyzed deeply. According to measurement system for f=3 000 mm and F=10, best attenuation scheme with high rate is designed. Diameter of 95% encircled energy of far-field image is 45.5 ?滋m, or 3.54 times of diffraction limitation.

In high power laser beam parameters measurement, attenuation scheme with high rate is key to far-field measurement. The far-field optical measurement system was analyzed and diameter of 95% encircled energy was used as important evaluation criterion of far-field measurement system. Measurement error of far-field optical measurement system and effect of attenuation with high rate on far-field measurement results were analyzed. Principle of attenuation scheme with high rate was established. By changing parameters of high attenuation rate in condition of single parallel plate, a pair of parallel plates and a pair of wedge flaps by Virtual Lab, influence of attenuation on the far-field measurement system was simulated and analyzed deeply. According to measurement system for f=3 000 mm and F=10, best attenuation scheme with high rate is designed. Diameter of 95% encircled energy of far-field image is 45.5 ?滋m, or 3.54 times of diffraction limitation.

光束质量一直是表征激光束输出质量的重要参量,测量方法有很多种。目前对于较强的带遮拦光束采用光束质量远场测试法。在光束传输效率领域内的应用中,使用光束质量β因子来评判光束质量性能参量,并通过CCD远场测试法测量得到。为了提高CCD远场法光束质量β因子测量系统的测试精度,分析了系统中光学部件和数据采集、处理部件的关键参量,针对不同的参量采用不同的标定方法分别对其进行标校。说明了实际使用的标校方法、分析测试系统的测量不确定度来源,定量确定了测量不确定度的大小。标定技术的研究从理论上促进了测量方法的进步,标校方法的应用有利于实际测试工作中测试结果准确度、可信度的提高。

采用远场测量法测量了虚阴极振荡器波导口的微波辐射方向图及虚阴极振荡器波导口处接上TM₀₁-TE₁₁模式转换器时的微波辐射方向图,接收喇叭口面与微波辐射口之间的距离为1.00 m,满足远场条件.结果表明:两种情况下的辐射主模式分别为TM₀₁模式和TE₁₁模式,从而证实了在实验装置轴对称的条件下,轴向虚阴极振荡器的微波辐射主模式确为理论所预期的TM₀₁模式.对辐射模式的分析表明,TM₀₁模式纯度约为90%,TE₁₁模式的辐射功率为TM₀₁模式的5%左右;TE₂₁,TE₀₁和TM₁₁模式三者的总辐射功率较TM₀₁模式低一个量级以上,微波辐射功率大于300 MW,辐射频率为4.6 GHz左右,微波脉宽大于40 ns.

在SPARK-04强流相对论电子束加速器上,对轴向反馈式虚阴极振荡器进行了实验研究,并采用远场测量方法对其激励的高功率微波辐射进行了测量,测得了微波辐射主模及辐射功率.结果表明:微波辐射主模为TM₀₁模,辐射功率大于500 MW,微波转换效率大于3%,辐射频率约3.6 GHz,微波脉宽大于20 ns.同时,采用单反射面Vlasov天线,实现了该器件所激励高功率微波的定向传输.

叙述了高功率微波的远场测量方法,并加以改进.采用改进后的方法对本实验室反射三极管装置所激励的高功率微波进行了测量,测得了辐射方向图,得到了辐射功率,分析了辐射模式.测量结果表明:微波辐射功率超过300MW,辐射频率为2.8GHz,微波脉宽约150ns,辐射模式包含TE₁₁等模式.

实验研究了激光远场焦斑能量分布测试的三种方法(长焦距透镜法、列阵相机法、Rattle Pair法),对三种测试方法得到的实验数据进行了比对,系统地分析了每种方法的优缺点.结果表明,采用长焦距透镜与一对微楔角劈板组合测试激光远场焦斑的方法更具优势,可减少测试系统引入的像差,并使图像处理过程得到简化.