为了探讨石油醚是否有荧光及其在橄榄油中残留的荧光检测可行性,采用荧光分析法实验研究了石油醚及其不同含量下橄榄油溶液的荧光特性。结果表明,石油醚存在320 nm~380 nm紫外区和380 nm~520 nm紫绿区的荧光; 在240 nm~300 nm的光激发下,两谱区都随激发波长增加而增强,但第一区更强; 在305 nm激发时,第一区开始减弱,当激发波长大于320 nm后,紫外区很快减弱直至消失,第二区继续增强,激发波长增到360 nm时,第二区最强,大于360 nm时,荧光减弱; 而少量石油醚的加入可增强橄榄油的特征荧光峰,甚至出现约405 nm的红移了的石油醚特征荧光峰,由此可对橄榄油中的石油醚残留进行检测; 当激发波长分别为320 nm、340 nm和360 nm时,橄榄油中的石油醚的体积分数检测限分别可达到大约0.059、0.048和0.043。该工作将石油醚的研究拓展到了荧光及橄榄油中石油醚残留的荧光检测领域。

随着微电子学与光电子学进入“后摩尔时代”，高性能光电器件与生物系统的融合逐渐成为一个重要的发展方向。采用高性能半导体光电器件和系统解决神经科学领域面临的技术难题，尤其是借助光学、电学等手段对神经信号进行调控和传感，受到了越来越广泛的关注。本综述论文以电子工程领域的基本单元之一——二极管与神经科学领域的基本单元——神经元之间的相互作用为切入点，总结了本课题组近年来的代表性研究工作。通过对材料器件进行设计和加工，实现了生物相容的植入式光电器件。这些光电器件通过光电信号的转换与神经信号相互作用，可以实现对生物细胞、组织和活体系统的光遗传学调控、无线光电刺激、原位荧光检测和光电传感等功能。这些新型的光电器件技术对于基础神经科学研究和神经疾病诊疗都具有重要意义。

目前，关于荧光流式细胞仪的计量和溯源方面的资料相对有限。为了研究基于荧光检测的流式细胞仪的技术发展并加快其标准化进程，对国内外文献资料进行整合，并总结了荧光流式细胞仪的类别、应用、相关标准化研究进展和关键参数的详细信息，主要包括仪器分辨率、散射光和荧光灵敏度、荧光线性相关系数、检出限、准确性、可重复性和稳定性等。国内外对广泛使用的几种评价荧光流式细胞仪性能的计量方法具有基本一致的标准。各个研究组织与应用领域对于流式细胞仪的性能具有不同的需求，一套完整可溯源的表征流式细胞术的计量标准及其评价方法能够方便实验室之间进行可重复和可比较的研究交流与讨论。

This work demonstrates a smartphone-based automated fluorescence analysis system (SAFAS) for point-of-care testing (POCT) of Hg(II). This system consists of three modules. The smartphone module is used to provide an excitation light source, and to collect and analyze fluorescent images. The dark box module is applied to integrate the desired optical elements and offers a dark environment. The cost of the integrated dark box mainly includes the upper cover, box body, lower bottom, fixture and some optical elements which is about $109. The chip module is used for fluorescence sensing, which is composed of an upper plate, bottom plate and cloth-based chip. Due to the integration of multiple smartphone functions, the SAFAS eliminates the need for additional power sources, light sources and analysis systems. The dark box and upper and bottom plates are made by 3D printer. The cloth-based chip (about $0.005 for each chip) is fabricated using the wax screen-printing technique, with no need for expensive and complex fabrication equipments. To our knowledge, the cloth-based microfluidic fluorescence detection method combined with smartphone functions is first reported. By using optimal conditions, the designed system can realize the quantitative detection of Hg(II), which has a linear range of 0.001–100μgmL?1 and a detection limit of 0.5ngmL?1. Additionally, the SAFAS has been successfully applied for detecting Hg(II) in actual water samples, with recoveries of 100.1%–111%, RSDs of 3.88%–9.74%, and fast detection time of about 1 min. Obviously, the proposed SAFAS has the advantages of high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, acceptable reproducibility, good stability and low cost. Therefore, it is believed that the presented SAFAS has great potential to perform the POCT of Hg(II) in different water samples.This work demonstrates a smartphone-based automated fluorescence analysis system (SAFAS) for point-of-care testing (POCT) of Hg(II). This system consists of three modules. The smartphone module is used to provide an excitation light source, and to collect and analyze fluorescent images. The dark box module is applied to integrate the desired optical elements and offers a dark environment. The cost of the integrated dark box mainly includes the upper cover, box body, lower bottom, fixture and some optical elements which is about $109. The chip module is used for fluorescence sensing, which is composed of an upper plate, bottom plate and cloth-based chip. Due to the integration of multiple smartphone functions, the SAFAS eliminates the need for additional power sources, light sources and analysis systems. The dark box and upper and bottom plates are made by 3D printer. The cloth-based chip (about $0.005 for each chip) is fabricated using the wax screen-printing technique, with no need for expensive and complex fabrication equipments. To our knowledge, the cloth-based microfluidic fluorescence detection method combined with smartphone functions is first reported. By using optimal conditions, the designed system can realize the quantitative detection of Hg(II), which has a linear range of 0.001–100μgmL?1 and a detection limit of 0.5ngmL?1. Additionally, the SAFAS has been successfully applied for detecting Hg(II) in actual water samples, with recoveries of 100.1%–111%, RSDs of 3.88%–9.74%, and fast detection time of about 1 min. Obviously, the proposed SAFAS has the advantages of high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, acceptable reproducibility, good stability and low cost. Therefore, it is believed that the presented SAFAS has great potential to perform the POCT of Hg(II) in different water samples.

核酸检测是病原体检测的必备流程，也是提升重大疾病和传染病应对能力、实施精准医疗的关键，在疾病防控、临床诊断、生物安全、环境监测等领域被广泛应用。目前临床上常用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法进行核酸检测，但该方法的检测周期较长，且对实验室环境、硬件设备等的要求较高。本文提出了一种基于CRISPR/Cas12a(Cpf1)的核酸便捷化检测方法，并设计了一种现场快速便携式检测装置。基于前期开发的新型管中管耗材，本团队建立了基于肉眼或智能手机识别检测结果的单样本便捷核酸检测方法，并开发设计了多样本同时自动化检测的便携式小型化装置以及基于同轴光纤的荧光检测光路。基于上述方法和装置对新型冠状病毒核酸进行检测，检测灵敏度低于10 copy/μL，检测时间可缩短至32 min，检测过程中无需开盖，适用于家庭自检或现场快速检测。

作为一种重要检测手段, 主动荧光探测利用荧光寿命参数作为荧光探测的特征参数, 可以解决荧光强度易受外界环境因素影响的问题。基于门控探测法测量荧光寿命的原理, 利用荧光寿命衰减曲线结合非线性最小二乘回归拟合荧光寿命衰减函数来提取荧光平均寿命参数, 利用荧光寿命图谱绘制荧光物质的二维空间分布, 进而提出并实验验证了结合支持向量机利用荧光寿命参数作为特征向量进行油种识别的方法。实验结果表明, 利用荧光平均寿命作为参数, 激发区域中像素点荧光寿命值落入各自置信区间内的概率为 68% 以上, 结合支持向量机进行油种识别, 识别概率在 77

冷原子干涉仪中, 囚禁原子数的抖动会转化为等效的干涉信号相位抖动, 直接影响原子干涉测量结果。针对此问题, 提出了一种冷原子干涉仪囚禁原子数主动稳定技术, 通过测量干涉末态的原子数信息, 反馈控制3D-MOT装载时间, 实现对囚禁原子数的主动稳定。通过应用该技术, 在装载时间大约为40 ms的条件下, 3D-MOT囚禁原子数的短期抖动由27.1%@0.5 h降为7.4%@0.5 h, 长期漂移由39.9%@10 h降为10.4%@10 h, 显著提升了囚禁原子数的稳定性。该技术可以解决动态条件下冷原子干涉仪姿态变化导致的囚禁原子数大幅度抖动问题。

以猪骨和乙二胺为碳源和氮源, 通过一步水热法合成了氮掺杂碳量子点(N-CQDs), 并优化其制备条件。通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射图(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术, 研究了N-CQDs的结构和光学性质及元素组成。所制备的N-CQDs具有较高的量子产率(26.4%), 平均粒径为2.34 nm, 在365 nm紫外光照射下呈现出明亮的蓝色荧光。研究发现Co2+对N-CQDs有良好的猝灭作用, 从而建立了一种快速检测Co2+的新方法。N-CQDs荧光猝灭强度与Co2+浓度在0～15 μg/mL和30～80 μg/mL呈良好的线性关系, 检出限为20 μg/L, 加标回收率为97.26%～109.14%, RSD＜3.24%, 能够应用于实际水样中Co2+含量的测定。