基于表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）的免疫层析检测技术是一种前沿研究技术，主要利用纳米材料制得的SERS标志材料取代传统的胶体金，综合了SERS高通量、高灵敏度和免疫层析简便、快速的双重优势，满足了定量检测的需求。其中，高性能纳米材料是SERS免疫层析技术实现高灵敏度检测的关键，研究人员通过设计和优化纳米材料的粒径、形态、结构等制备出具有强SERS增强性能的SERS基底，以提高检测灵敏度。本文首先介绍了SERS免疫层析技术的基本原理；然后，综述了用于SERS免疫层析技术的几种SERS基底以及SERS免疫层析技术在不同检测物质中的应用；最后，讨论并展望了SERS免疫层析技术未来发展趋势。

This work demonstrates a smartphone-based automated fluorescence analysis system (SAFAS) for point-of-care testing (POCT) of Hg(II). This system consists of three modules. The smartphone module is used to provide an excitation light source, and to collect and analyze fluorescent images. The dark box module is applied to integrate the desired optical elements and offers a dark environment. The cost of the integrated dark box mainly includes the upper cover, box body, lower bottom, fixture and some optical elements which is about $109. The chip module is used for fluorescence sensing, which is composed of an upper plate, bottom plate and cloth-based chip. Due to the integration of multiple smartphone functions, the SAFAS eliminates the need for additional power sources, light sources and analysis systems. The dark box and upper and bottom plates are made by 3D printer. The cloth-based chip (about $0.005 for each chip) is fabricated using the wax screen-printing technique, with no need for expensive and complex fabrication equipments. To our knowledge, the cloth-based microfluidic fluorescence detection method combined with smartphone functions is first reported. By using optimal conditions, the designed system can realize the quantitative detection of Hg(II), which has a linear range of 0.001–100μgmL?1 and a detection limit of 0.5ngmL?1. Additionally, the SAFAS has been successfully applied for detecting Hg(II) in actual water samples, with recoveries of 100.1%–111%, RSDs of 3.88%–9.74%, and fast detection time of about 1 min. Obviously, the proposed SAFAS has the advantages of high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, acceptable reproducibility, good stability and low cost. Therefore, it is believed that the presented SAFAS has great potential to perform the POCT of Hg(II) in different water samples.This work demonstrates a smartphone-based automated fluorescence analysis system (SAFAS) for point-of-care testing (POCT) of Hg(II). This system consists of three modules. The smartphone module is used to provide an excitation light source, and to collect and analyze fluorescent images. The dark box module is applied to integrate the desired optical elements and offers a dark environment. The cost of the integrated dark box mainly includes the upper cover, box body, lower bottom, fixture and some optical elements which is about $109. The chip module is used for fluorescence sensing, which is composed of an upper plate, bottom plate and cloth-based chip. Due to the integration of multiple smartphone functions, the SAFAS eliminates the need for additional power sources, light sources and analysis systems. The dark box and upper and bottom plates are made by 3D printer. The cloth-based chip (about $0.005 for each chip) is fabricated using the wax screen-printing technique, with no need for expensive and complex fabrication equipments. To our knowledge, the cloth-based microfluidic fluorescence detection method combined with smartphone functions is first reported. By using optimal conditions, the designed system can realize the quantitative detection of Hg(II), which has a linear range of 0.001–100μgmL?1 and a detection limit of 0.5ngmL?1. Additionally, the SAFAS has been successfully applied for detecting Hg(II) in actual water samples, with recoveries of 100.1%–111%, RSDs of 3.88%–9.74%, and fast detection time of about 1 min. Obviously, the proposed SAFAS has the advantages of high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, acceptable reproducibility, good stability and low cost. Therefore, it is believed that the presented SAFAS has great potential to perform the POCT of Hg(II) in different water samples.

疾病诊断、食品安全监测和环境污染检测等领域常涉及细菌等微生物的即时检测，光学显微镜是常用于检测和分析这些微小样品的工具。无透镜显微成像技术是将样品与电荷耦合元件（CCD）或互补金属半导体氧化物（CMOS）芯片等光检测器紧密接触、无需光学元件、直接对样品进行成像的技术，较传统显微装置具有结构简单、体积小巧、操作简便、价格低廉等优点，已被应用于微小组织结构检查、细胞形态数量分析、微生物检测等领域。根据成像原理，无透镜显微成像技术可分为阴影成像、荧光成像及数字全息成像三类。分别阐述了三种无透镜显微成像技术的成像原理和物理结构，并综述了无透镜显微成像技术在即时检测中的应用，最后展望了无透镜显微成像技术的发展。

针对芯片即时检测(POCT)芯片对键合精度、键合强度、生产效率和生物兼容性的要求, 基于超声波键合技术设计了结构化的导能筋布置形式和阻熔导能接头结构。研究了超声波键合时间和键合压力对微通道高度保持性能的影响, 确定了精密超声波键合工艺参数。利用高精度显微镜、拉伸试验机和羊全血分别对键合后芯片的微通道高度、键合强度、微通道密闭性以及液体自驱动性能进行了测试。结果表明: 所设计的导能筋布置形式合理可靠; 利于芯片各功能的集成, 阻熔导能接头结构能够较精确地控制键合后微通道的高度, 键合精度达到2 μm; 全血驱动时间的极差在20 s以内; 所确定的键合工艺参数能够实现高强度的键合, 键合强度不小于2.5 MPa。该熔接结构及工艺参数具有键合精度高、键合强度高、生物兼容性好和熔接均匀等优点, 可应用于医用POCT芯片产品中。