The 975 nm multimode diode lasers with high-order surface Bragg diffraction gratings have been simulated and calculated using the 2D finite difference time domain (FDTD) algorithm and the scattering matrix method (SMM). The periods and etch depth of the grating parameters have been optimized. A board area laser diode (BA-LD) with high-order diffraction gratings has been designed and fabricated. At output powers up to 10.5 W, the measured spectral width of full width at half maximum (FWHM) is less than 0.5 nm. The results demonstrate that the designed high-order surface gratings can effectively narrow the spectral width of multimode semiconductor lasers at high output power.

The velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR) coupled with a streaked optical pyrometer (SOP) system is used as a diagnostic tool in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments involving equations of state and shock timing. To validate the process of adiabatically compressing the fuel shell through precise tuning of shocks in experimental campaigns for the double-cone ignition (DCI) scheme of ICF, a compact line-imaging VISAR with an SOP system is designed and implemented at the Shenguang-II upgrade laser facility. The temporal and spatial resolutions of the system are better than 30 ps and 7 μm, respectively. An illumination lens is used to adjust the lighting spot size matching with the target size. A polarization beam splitter and λ/4 waveplate are used to increase the transmission efficiency of our system. The VISAR and SOP work at 660 and 450 nm, respectively, to differentiate the signals from the scattered lights of the drive lasers. The VISAR can measure the shock velocity. At the same time, the SOP system can give the shock timing and relative strength. This system has been used in different DCI campaigns, where the generation and propagation processes of multi-shock are carefully diagnosed.

小型移动式核反应堆电源能为偏远地区、事故应急等场景提供所需的电能和热能，而堆芯的轻量化和小型化是小型移动式核反应堆电源的设计重点。由此，基于前期概念设计，本研究提出了一个高可靠、长寿命的小型氦氙冷却固体核反应堆堆芯设计及其反应性控制方案。首先，在综合考虑反应堆寿命以及热工安全设计等限制条件的基础上，使用蒙特卡罗程序OpenMC进行了堆芯几何优化分析，得到了堆芯质量最小化的设计方案。其次，分析了含可燃毒物的布置优化方案，通过在堆芯靠近反射层附近的燃料棒中添加2%质量分数的可燃毒物Gd₂O₃，寿期初径向功率峰因子从2.22降低至1.43。最后，基于分层分块滑移反射层的反应性与功率控制方法，提出了反应性线性控制方案，该方案还可以保证事故情况下的反应堆安全。相关结果可为小型移动式核反应堆电源的堆芯设计及反应性控制提供参考。

常规的分布式布拉格反射（DBR）半导体激光器中，增益区域所对应的自由谱间距应大于DBR高反射率带宽的1/2，以获得稳定的单模激射。该条件限制了DBR激光器的阈值和功率特性。文章首次提出并实现了基于DBR选模的太赫兹量子级联激光器（THz-QCL），并突破了上述限制。作者所实现的THz-QCL采用脊波导结构，利用解理腔面和DBR反射镜构成谐振腔，利用有源区增益谱较窄的特点，通过调整DBR反射率谱使增益谱与DBR高反射带在频域中部分重叠，从而获得了单模激射的THz-QCL。该方案使得DBR高反射带显著宽于自由谱间距，即显著提高了激光器中增益区域的长度，从而降低阈值并提高功率特性。实验上，作者研制出增益区域长达3.6 mm的DBR激光器，单模激射的频率为2.7 THz，边模抑制比达到25 dB，该激光器的阈值和温度特性与相同材料制备的法布里-泊罗腔多模激光器相当。文章中的工作为实现高性能单模太赫兹量子级联激光器提供了新的研究思路。

低维材料嵌入微腔已经广泛应用于纳米激光器和探测器等。为了实现增益材料和光学微腔之间的有效耦合，需要深入研究嵌埋材料对腔共振模式的影响。本文主要讨论了嵌埋材料的厚度、位置、腔层厚度以及分布式布拉格反射镜的对数对腔供着模式的影响。结果表明，腔共振模式随嵌埋材料位置的不同呈现周期性变化并且在λ/2光程周期内存在最大峰位移。最大峰位移随腔层厚度增加而减小，但与嵌埋材料的厚度成正比。分布式布拉格反射镜的对数不影响腔共振模式。这些结果为光学器件的设计和实验现象的分析提供了指导，并且可以应用于不同波长分布式布拉格反射腔结构。