Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
2 Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China
In recent years, optical phased arrays (OPAs) have attracted great interest for their potential applications in light detection and ranging (LiDAR), free-space optical communications (FSOs), holography, and so on. Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) provide solutions for further reducing the size, weight, power, and cost of OPAs. In this paper, we review the recent development of photonic integrated OPAs. We summarize the typical architecture of the integrated OPAs and their performance. We analyze the key components of OPAs and evaluate the figure of merit for OPAs. Various applications in LiDAR, FSO, imaging, biomedical sensing, and specialized beam generation are introduced.
optical phased arrays LiDAR silicon photonics beam steering photonic integration Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(2): 020041
上海交通大学 区域光纤通信网与新型光通信系统国家重点实验室,上海 200240
针对传统固态激光雷达中光束快速扫描控制响应速度和电压控制精度较低的问题,提出了一种基于透镜辅助光束扫描(LABS)技术和现场可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA)的固态激光雷达测距系统。该系统采用收发一体的结构,系统中的LABS器件由1×16光开关芯片、4×4光纤阵列和透镜组成。根据LABS方案每一级只有一个光开关处于工作状态的特点,通过选择不同的发射器,将光束照亮到透镜的不同位置来实现光束的转向。光束扫描采用FPGA结合外部选通电路进行控制的方式,通过输出电压控制4级马赫-曾德尔干涉仪(MZI)型光开关工作,实现光束的快速切换。实验结果表明,该系统光束转向角度步长为0.35°,最大测距范围可达200 m,9.2 m内的测距误差约为1 cm。
光束扫描 现场可编程逻辑门阵列 激光雷达 光开关 beam steering, field programmable gate array, lida
1 盐城工学院 电气工程学院, 盐城 224051
2 盐城师范学院 物理与电子工程学院 江苏省智能光电器件与测控工程研究中心, 盐城 224007
3 江苏省大气探测激光雷达技术军民融合创新平台, 盐城 224007
传统的测风激光雷达双反射镜式2维扫描系统体积较大、结构相对复杂, 不利于系统小型一体化集成。基于旋转双圆楔形棱镜, 研究了新型2维光学扫描系统; 分析了系统的工作原理, 推导出了双圆楔形棱镜的旋转角与出射光束方位角及天顶角之间的简单正反向函数关系式, 对楔形棱镜的折射率和楔角进行了优化选取和设计。结果表明,当工作波长为532 nm、楔形棱镜材料折射率为2.03时, 最优设计楔角为19.5°; 出射光束最大天顶角不仅取决于楔形棱镜折射率和楔角, 还受光束压缩效应的制约。该系统结构紧凑、便于集成, 能实现出射光束大范围和快速高精度的扫描, 也能实现测风激光雷达以平面位置显示、距离高度显示等光束扫描模式工作。
光学设计 2维扫描系统 测风激光雷达 旋转双楔形棱镜 光束指向 正反解 optical design 2-D scanning system wind LiDAR rotational double wedge prism beam steering forward and inverse solutions
1 西南技术物理研究所,四川 成都 610041
2 四川大学电子信息学院,四川 成都 610065
硅基光电子技术的发展可以将激光雷达系统发射模块和接收模块中分立的有源和无源器件集成在芯片上,使激光雷达体积更小、稳定性更强、成本更低,推动激光雷达在自动驾驶等领域的应用。首先,分析激光雷达的基本概念及测量原理。随后,根据扫描方式的不同,将硅基片上激光雷达分为面阵闪光、光学相控阵、透镜辅助光束转向和慢光光栅等4类,并分别对其技术特点和研究进展进行阐述。最后,对目前硅基片上激光雷达的发展趋势进行了总结和展望。
激光雷达 硅基光电子 面阵闪光 光学相控阵 透镜辅助光束转向 激光与光电子学进展
2023, 60(16): 1600002
强激光与粒子束
2023, 35(7): 071008
Author Affiliations
Abstract
Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Valbonne, France
Lidar, a technology at the heart of autonomous driving and robotic mobility, performs 3D imaging of a complex scene by measuring the time of flight of returning light pulses. Many technological challenges, including enhancement of the observation field of view (FoV), acceleration of the imaging frame rate, improvement of the ambiguity range, reduction of fabrication cost, and component size, must be simultaneously addressed so that lidar technology reaches the performance needed to strongly impact the global market. We propose an innovative solution to address the problem of wide FoV and extended unambiguous range using an acousto-optic modulator that rapidly scans a large-area metasurface deflector. We further exploit a multiplexing illumination technique traditionally deployed in the context of telecommunication theory to extend the ambiguity range and to drastically improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the measured signal. Compacting our metasurface-scanning lidar system to chip-scale dimension would open new and exciting perspectives, eventually relevant to the autonomous vehicles and robotic industries.
light detection and ranging metasurfaces beam steering code division multiple access Advanced Photonics
2023, 5(4): 046005
1 中国矿业大学教育部地下空间智能控制工程研究中心,江苏 徐州 221116
2 中国矿业大学信息与控制工程学院,江苏 徐州 221116
设计了一种可由空间编码结构光控制的多功能太赫兹超表面单元,该单元由嵌有光敏半导体材料的金属裂环-二氧化硅介质层-金属底板组成。超表面单元通过结构光源的编码控制光改变单元顶层金属裂环内嵌光敏半导体的电导率来模拟不同形状的C形环,实现了具有2 bit相位编码的光控超表面单元设计。将超表面单元组成阵列,通过编码结构光的空间分布进一步实现了角度可控的异常反射,并获得不同阶数的涡旋波束。所提出的基于空间编码结构光源的新型太赫兹超表面光控方式解决了现有光控超表面功能单一、加工难度大等问题,为光控可编程太赫兹超表面技术发展提供了新的思路。
表面光学 太赫兹 光控超表面 可编程超表面 结构光 波束控制 光学学报
2023, 43(11): 1124004
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 University of Southern Denmark, Center for Nano Optics, Odense, Denmark
2 Kiel University, Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel, Germany
3 University of Stuttgart, Research Center SCoPE, 4th Physics Institute, Stuttgart, Germany
Electrically connected optical metasurfaces with high efficiencies are crucial for developing spatiotemporal metadevices with ultrahigh spatial and ultrafast temporal resolutions. While efficient metal–insulator–metal (MIM) metasurfaces containing discretized meta-atoms require additional electrodes, Babinet-inspired slot-antenna-based plasmonic metasurfaces suffer from low efficiencies and limited phase coverage for copolarized optical fields. Capitalizing on the concepts of conventional MIM and slot-antenna metasurfaces, we design and experimentally demonstrate a new type of optical reflective metasurfaces consisting of mirror-coupled slot antennas (MCSAs). By tuning the dimensions of rectangular-shaped nanoapertures atop a dielectric-coated gold mirror, we achieve efficient phase modulation within a sufficiently large range of 320 deg and realize functional phase-gradient metadevices for beam steering and beam splitting in the near-infrared range. The fabricated samples show (22 % ± 2 % ) diffraction efficiency for beam steering and (17 % ± 1 % ) for beam splitting at the wavelength of 790 nm. The considered MCSA configuration, dispensing with auxiliary electrodes, offers an alternative and promising platform for electrically controlled reflective spatiotemporal metasurfaces.
optical reflective metasurfaces beam steering beam splitting Advanced Photonics Nexus
2023, 2(1): 016005