简要介绍了无机长余辉发光材料与光存储材料的概念及其起源和研究现状。简述了三种经典商业长余辉发光与光存储材料。基于这三种商业发光材料，分析了理性设计这类材料存在的问题，并介绍如何基于真空标度能级图（Vacuum referred binding energy（VRBE）diagram）来设计长余辉发光与光存储材料的策略。首先，介绍了真空标度能级图的定义和构建其所需要的模型参数和实验光谱数据。在稀土离子掺杂无机化合物真空标度能级图的基础上，阐述二价和三价铋离子的真空标度能级位置。其次，基于YPO₄模型材料的真空标度能级图，介绍电子释放模型和空穴释放模型的定义和区别。最后，结合稀土离子和铋离子掺杂REPO₄（RE=La，Y，Lu）及NaYGeO₄家族化合物的真空标度能级图，简要论述如何设计电子与空穴陷阱中心以及如何调控电子或空穴陷阱的深度。真空标度能级图对讨论载流子的捕获与释放以及理性设计与探索无机长余辉发光与光存储材料具有一定的指导意义。

The quest for realizing novel fundamental physical effects and practical applications in ambient conditions has led to tremendous interest in microcavity exciton polaritons working in the strong coupling regime at room temperature. In the past few decades, a wide range of novel semiconductor systems supporting robust exciton polaritons have emerged, which has led to the realization of various fascinating phenomena and practical applications. This paper aims to review recent theoretical and experimental developments of exciton polaritons operating at room temperature, and includes a comprehensive theoretical background, descriptions of intriguing phenomena observed in various physical systems, as well as accounts of optoelectronic applications. Specifically, an in-depth review of physical systems achieving room temperature exciton polaritons will be presented, including the early development of ZnO and GaN microcavities and other emerging systems such as organics, halide perovskite semiconductors, carbon nanotubes, and transition metal dichalcogenides. Finally, a perspective of outlooking future developments will be elaborated.