Since the lasers at fixed wavelengths are unable to meet the requirements of the development of modern science and technology, nonlinear optics is significant for overcoming the obstacle. Investigation on frequency conversion in ferroelectric nonlinear photonic crystals with different superlattices has been being one of the popular research directions in this field. In this paper, some mature fabrication methods of nonlinear photonic crystals are concluded, for example, the electric poling method at room temperature and the femtosecond direct laser writing technique. Then the development of nonlinear photonic crystals with one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional superlattices which are used in quasi-phase matching and nonlinear diffraction harmonic generation is introduced. In the meantime, several creative applications of nonlinear photonic crystals are summarized, showing the great value of them in an extensive practical area, such as communication, detection, imaging, and so on.

从PPLN波导微结构出发分析准相位匹配倍频过程中的相位补偿机理,以极化畴为单元,通过耦合波方程计算极化畴内产生的二次谐波电场,通过电场相干叠加计算倍频效率。分别在小信号近似和基频光高消耗情况下计算准相位匹配倍频效率,结果显示:倍频效率小于5%时,两种情况下的计算结果吻合得很好;随着转换效率增大,小信号近似不再适用,需要在基频光高消耗情形下计算倍频效率。研究了基频光功率密度与准相位匹配倍频效率的关系,定性分析了极化周期存在误差时,误差对倍频效率的影响。

采用1.06 μm激光泵浦准相位匹配周期极化铌酸锂(PPMgLN)晶体光参量振荡器,实现高功率高效率高重复频率3.84 μm中红外激光输出。泵浦源为椭圆光斑1.06 μm激光,PPMgLN晶体MgO摩尔分数为5%,光参量振荡器为外腔单谐振结构,采用e→e＋e相位匹配,利用了PPMgLN晶体的最大非线性系数。在1.06 μm激光功率为73 W,声光Q开关工作频率为7.5 kHz的条件下,获得平均功率8.3 W,波长3.84 μm激光输出,光-光转换斜率效率14.1％,水平和垂直方向光束质量平方因子分别为1.94,4.57。

Compared with other nonlinear optical materials, KTP crystals have prominent advantages. However, they also have a high conductivity and become difficult to efficiently control domain-reverse with the conventional method, due to the existence of ionic current. To conquer the difficulty, it is necessary to monitor the polarization-reversal process of KTP crystals in real time. The real-time monitoring method in the fabrication of PPKTP, short for periodically-poled KTiOPO4, is carried out by utilizing electro-optical effect. The principle is analyzed theoretically and the result demonstrates the validity of the method experimentally. Compared with the result without using the monitoring method, the conversion efficiency of PPKTP crystal increases by many times. It is proved that this method can be used to enhance the quality and repeatability of PPKTP fabrication, and is also effective to examine the quality of PPKTP crystals.

对基于多周期极化铌酸锂晶体(PPLN)的信号光单谐振准相位匹配光学参量振荡器(QPM-OPO),进行了温度调谐的理论和实验研究。以激光二极管(LD)端面抽运的声光调Q Nd∶YVO4全固态激光器为抽运源,获得了1369.7～1678.8 nm无重叠波段连续可调谐输出。给出了1064 nm Nd∶YVO4激光器抽运下,由PPLN的极化周期和温度直接计算输出信号光波长的公式,以及由信号光波长和极化周期计算相应的晶体温度的公式。这样就可直接计算实现无重叠波段连续可调谐输出时不同极化周期所对应的温度调谐范围,而不必联立能量守恒和动量守恒公式,逐点进行尝试。另外,周期极化晶体的极化周期不可避免地较理想值有一定的偏移,且具有不均匀性,给出了利用实验获得的温度调谐曲线,对极化周期进行修正计算的方法。