为提供高品质、智能健康的照明光源，基于三基色LED光源构建了线性调光混合照明系统，并提出一种调光调色的优化方法。混合光源的光色度和光强度分别用色温和明度等级来设定，使得混合照明效果更加符合“人因照明”的需求。在系统的智能优化配光过程中，将色温转化为CIE $ {u}'{v}' $色度坐标，明度转化为亮度，使优化计算更加精确。该系统采用线性调光的方式，既能有效避免混合光源闪烁带来的健康安全问题，配合优化算法又有效解决了线性调光色度漂移大的问题。实验结果表明，在2000 K~8000 K的色温范围内，混合照明系统混合光的色度稳定性保持在1阶CIE $ {u}'{v}' $圆内，在对应色温下的整个光强度调节范围内无可察觉的色差。采用线性调光方式在保持光色度稳定上比脉冲宽度调光方式效果更佳。理论探究和实验结果表明该混光照明系统简易可行，具有较高的实用价值。

光学三维测量中的三通道相位测量轮廓术具有高精度、易识别、自动化程度高等优点，在科学研究和工程应用中获得了广泛的关注。在三通道相位测量轮廓术中，投影仪不同通道间的色差成为影响测量精度的关键因素。针对该问题，文中开展了基于相位标靶的相位测量轮廓术投影色差建模与校正研究。提出了将带有全息投影膜的液晶显示屏（Liquid Crystal Display, LCD）当作相位标靶对投影色差建模与校正的方法。通过LCD显示条纹与投影仪投射条纹的相位，计算投影仪色差并建立其数学模型。然后通过预补偿的方法实现投影仪三通道投射色差的校正，进行实验验证校正前后对相位测量轮廓术精度的影响。实验结果表明，文中所提方法的校正效果为蓝绿通道的平均色差由0.3255 pixel校正为0.1063 pixel，红绿通道的平均色差由0.3651 pixel校正为0.1114 pixel。该方法可为三通道相位测量轮廓术提升投影质量。实测台阶的平均误差从0.489 mm减少到0.038 mm。实验结果验证了投影仪色差建模与校正方法的有效性，提升了三通道相位测量轮廓术的整体测量精度。与已有方法相比，可以有效避免相机误差带来的影响，大大缩短计算时间，能够适用于不同型号的投影仪色差测量与校正。

光谱成像系统受色差影响会导致图谱混叠，本文将单像素成像以及计算关联成像分别与光谱成像系统相结合，并在系统中引入900~1 700 nm适用的消色差透镜来校正色差。首先计算出不同胶合消色差透镜的色差大小并以此选取透镜，所选消色差透镜相较其它透镜对色差校正可以提高一个量级。其次分析了色差对光谱成像系统的影响以及单像素成像和计算关联成像的差异。最后仿真和试验分析单像素光谱成像和计算关联光谱成像特点。试验结果表明对于900~1 700 nm的近红外光谱成像，基于消色差透镜的单像素光谱成像系统取得了更好的图像重构结果，其峰值信噪比（Peak Signal to Noise Ratio，PSNR）提高了3.93 dB，结构相似度（Structural Similarity, SSIM）提高了0.96%。消色差透镜的单像素光谱成像系统在近红外光谱成像中重构图像效果优于无消色差透镜的计算关联光谱成像。

Overview: Due to the large dynamic range and high precision, the optical 3D measurement technology based on phase calculation is widely used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, biomedicine, cultural relics protection, and other fields to measure a type of surface. For example, fringe projection profilometry and phase measurement deflectometry are used to measure diffuse and specular surfaces, respectively. With the development of advanced manufacturing technology, the measurement of one type of surface cannot meet the current situation. In the existing research on diffuse and specular composite surfaces, 3D topography restoration of large gradient and discontinuous composite surfaces has been achieved. The composite surface measurement system based on fringe projection and fringe reflection can obtain absolute phase rapidly through the multi-color channel of the camera. However, the multi-color channel of the camera not only realizes the rapid measurement but also introduces the errors such as crosstalk and chromatic aberration into the system, which limits the accuracy of 3D topography restoration of composite surface objects. Crosstalk mainly comes from the process of simultaneously shooting different color stripes projected by the projector to the diffuse part of the object and displayed by the transparent display screen on the mirror part of the object. The color difference mainly comes from the different color stripes displayed by the double screen transmission of the mirror part, and there is a phase difference between the absolute phase of the two colors. Therefore, this paper studies the crosstalk elimination method based on the matrix and the color difference elimination method of absolute phase corresponding pixel deviation. Based on the crosstalk matrix, the crosstalk matrix of the projector and the transparent screen is calculated respectively according to the color light intensity relationship between the color camera, projector, and transparent screen. The stripes of different colors projected on the diffuse surface and mirror of the composite object are separated, and the absolute phase of the two parts is obtained. The absolute phase in the horizontal and vertical directions of each color channel was obtained by color orthogonal stripes, and the relationship between phase difference and pixel deviation between color channels was established to complete the pixel matching of different color channels. Finally, the pixel matching points are converted into the matrix obtained by two-dimensional interpolation to realize the pixel deviation correction of each pixel point and eliminate the influence of color difference. The experimental results show that the proposed method reduces the root mean square error of the composite step from 0.479 mm to 0.030 mm, and improves the measurement efficiency and accuracy.

水下光学成像是重要的水下探测方式。现有水下相机成像检测方法受到水体本身以及测量方法的影响，难以准确进行成像分辨率检测。提出了基于水下平行光管的水下相机成像分辨率检测技术，通过在水中产生平行光束，直接对水下相机成像分辨率进行检测。通过仿真得出：水下平行光管在水中可见光和空气中单波长的调制传递函数(Modulation Transfer Function, MTF)基本一致。利用这一结论，提出了水下平行光管空气中装调检测的方法。针对实验室所研制的一款水下相机开展实验测试，其在水中可见光与空气中635 m光源照明条件下的分辨率相同。实验结果表明，所提出的基于水下平行光管的水下相机成像分辨率检测方法可有效消除水体对分辨率测量的影响，实现水下相机成像分辨率的准确测量。

双波长视网膜成像自适应光学系统非常适用于视网膜微血管的高对比度和高分辨率成像。本文重点研究了双波长自适应系统的轴向色差补偿问题。首先对轴向色差进行了测量，对实测波前进行了分析，并给出任意波前轴向色差补偿法。自适应校正实验结果显示，色差补偿后，波前均方根误差减小到0.16 λ（λ=589 nm），视网膜微血管分辨率提高到6 μm。这项工作可用于视网膜成像的临床应用。

超构表面是由精心设计和排布的亚波长纳米单元组成的平面元件，其可以在微观尺度下调制电磁场，从而实现波前的任意调控。目前，它已被用来灵活地操纵相位、偏振、振幅等各种光学参数。超构透镜是超构表面中相当重要且非常活跃的一个研究方向，由于其厚度在波长量级，与传统光学透镜相比，能够显著增加光学器件的集成度并且降低结构复杂度。但是，单元结构材料的固有色散以及结构几何形状衍射效应导致的色差会严重影响超构透镜的成像质量，从而限制了其在光电子器件中的潜在应用。本文首先讨论超构透镜控制色差的原理。随后回顾了几种重要的成像应用，包括分立波长消色差，宽带聚焦成像，光场成像等重要的成像系统。最后，本文对超构透镜未来的发展方向和应用前景做出展望。