Blood glucose (BG) concentration of the human body serves as an important index for diagnosis of diabetes, and its detection methods need to be more e±cient due to high mortality rates for diabetes. Typical household BG meters are invasive products based on electrochemistry and rely on finger pricks to procure blood, which might result in skin damage and bacterial infections. Moreover, such BG meters can only detect the BG concentration at a certain time while ignoring the BG level at other times. Recently, to achieve microinvasive, noninvasive and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) by detecting body fluid, such as sweat or tears, the research direction has been gradually developing toward wearable devices. This review discusses the glucose detection mechanism of various electrochemical and optical glucose sensors, and briefly analyzes their advantages and challenges. Additionally, wearable products based on various principles that have appeared on the market are also summarized. Furthermore, based on the analysis, this review proposes a design concept for future research directions.

为了在连续血糖监测中实现微量组织液的透皮抽取和收集，采用微流体技术，利用聚二甲基硅氧烷(Polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS)设计加工了组织液透皮抽取装置。首先，采用模塑法加工得到组成装置的4层PDMS。接着，采用氧等离子体键合方法键合PDMS获得能够产生真空负压的文氏管，用于注入生理盐水、抽取组织液和收集组织液的腔体，控制流体传输的气动阀以及连接各部分的微管路4部分装置。然后，测量文氏管的输出负压和气动阀的关闭压强。最后，检验了装置抽取和收集组织液的功能实现情况。结果显示，将220 kPa(绝对压强)的氮气通入文氏管的输入端口，在文氏管的喉部端口获得了92 kPa(绝对压强)的真空负压。另外，只需低于65 kPa(相对压强)的压强就可以关闭采用PDMS薄膜加工的常开型气动阀。该装置可在气动阀的控制下，利用文氏管产生的真空负压，自动完成生理盐水的注入、组织液的抽取和收集。