对利用激光进行霍金-安鲁辐射实验的研究现状和实验挑战点等方面进行综述。霍金-安鲁辐射是量子引力理论的重要推论之一。对其进行实验观测研究，将对量子引力理论、大统一理论、乃至万物终极理论的发展具有重要推动作用。霍金-安鲁辐射可以通过强激光、储存环、潘宁阱、声学、玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚等各种实验手段加以研究，其中借助强激光有两类方法：人工光学黑洞和强激光加速。前者是利用介质的非线性效应，产生一个光波传播的视界，进而对视界附近的量子现象，包括霍金-安鲁辐射，进行研究；后者是利用超强激光场对电子施加的超高加速度来研究电子的霍金-安鲁辐射等特性。

Thermal profile modification of an active material in a laser amplifier via optical pumping results in a change in the material’s refractive index, and causes thermal expansion and stress, eventually leading to spatial phase aberrations, or even permanent material damage. For this purpose, knowledge of the 3D spatio-temporal thermal profile, which can currently only be retrieved via numerical simulations, is critical for joule-class laser amplifiers to reveal potentially dangerous thermal features within the pumped active materials. In this investigation, a detailed, spatio-temporal numerical simulation was constructed and tested for accuracy against surface thermal measurements of various end-pumped $\text{Yb}^{3+}$-doped laser-active materials. The measurements and simulations show an excellent agreement and the model was successfully applied to a joule-class $\text{Yb}^{3+}$-based amplifier currently operating in the POLARIS laser system at the Friedrich-Schiller-University and Helmholtz-Institute Jena in Germany.

Numerical estimates for electrons and mesons particle–antiparticle creation from vacuum in the presence of strong electromagnetic fields are derived, using the complete probability density relation of Popov’s imaginary time method (Popov, JETP Lett. 13, 185 (1971); Sov. Phys. JETP 34, 709 (1972); Sov. Phys. JETP 35, 659 (1972); Popov and Marinov, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 16, 449 (1973); JETP Lett. 18, 255 (1974); Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 19, 584 (1974)); (Popov, Phys. Let. A 298, 83 (2002)), and within the framework of an experimental setup like the E144 (Burke et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1626 (1997)). The existence of crossing point among pair creation efficiency curves of different photon energies and the role of odd/even multiphoton orders in the production rates are discussed. Finally a kind of tunability processbetween the two creation processes is discussed.

The objective of the Apollon 10 PW project is the generation of 10 PW peak power pulses of 15 fs at 1 shot min??1. In this paper a brief update on the current status of the Apollon project is presented, followed by a more detailed presentation of our experimental and theoretical investigations of the temporal characteristics of the laser. More specifically the design considerations as well as the technological and physical limitations to achieve the intended pulse duration and contrast are discussed.

This paper presents a new method to control the position of a micro-column snow target. This target enables the measurement of the mean electron density of the pre-plasma created by a pre-pulse with different time delays. This research will allow a better understanding of the generation of fast protons from the interaction between a structured pre-plasma and a high intensity laser.