为了更好地实现多镜面大视场主动光学望远镜波前像差抑制、提升望远镜探测能力极限，本文基于望远镜视场边缘内置的错位型曲率传感器进行波前感知，并利用功率谱对波前感知结果进行分析，进而基于波前像差的空间频率特征进行调控。首先，基于复光场理论分析了非瞳面对系统波前调控的影响机理。其次，分析了本方法在多镜面大视场主动光学望远镜调控过程中的精度特性。再次，利用桌面实验对多镜面大视场主动光学望远镜调控的可行性进行了验证。最终，波前重建结果与理论波前相关性高于0.85。利用功率谱对各个视场的空间频率特性进行了分析，与单纯使用均方根对多镜面影响敏感度进行分析的方法相比，灵敏度提升了20%。

为了更好地对大口径分段望远镜进行集成检测与稳定性保持基准构建，本文提出一种大口径环形分段光学系统基准构建方法。首先，采用局部光瞳投射的方式实现光瞳对准映射；其次，利用微透镜阵列构建系统共焦空间基准；之后，基于环带整体调控模式，采用共焦与曲率半径联合分析，实现曲率半径与系统对准的共同调节；最后，利用白光干涉所形成的条纹包络进行粗共相探测，并利用通道光谱方法实现粗共相与精共相间的精度衔接，空间共焦基准定位精度优于125 μm，共相基准覆盖范围优于20 μm，精度优于0.5 μm，光谱基准不确定度优于5%。实现了不同时空特征扰动的分层次、多模态抑制，利用以上共基准原位测量新方法有效提升了光学系统原位计量检测精度并缩短了溯源链长度，增加了检测效率与准确度。

太赫兹波具有高穿透性、低能性及指纹谱性等特征，被广泛应用于探测领域，因此，设计太赫兹波成像光学系统具有重要的意义和广泛的应用前景。首先，以四块透镜构成的天塞物镜为参考结构，应用近轴光学系统像差理论构建系统像差平衡方程，给出了系统初始结构参数求解函数和方法，再结合光学设计软件进一步校正系统像差，最终设计了一种用于太赫兹波探测的大孔径光学成像系统。该光学系统由4块同轴折射透镜构成，焦距为70 mm，F数为1.4，全视场角为8°，在奈奎斯特频率10 lp/mm处全视场角范围内的调制传递函数（MTF）值均大于0.32，各视场内的弥散斑均方根（RMS）半径均小于艾里斑半径。最后对系统各种公差进行分析和讨论。设计结果表明，本文设计的太赫兹波探测光学成像系统具有孔径大、结构简单且紧凑、成像质量较好且加工性易于实现等特点，满足设计要求，它在太赫兹波段高分辨率探测领域具有重要应用价值。

海洋立体结构信息是未来实现海洋透明与海洋强国的基础，针对海洋剖面探测能力不足的问题，以及星载海洋剖面多要素同源同域一体化探测空白，开展星载海洋剖面多要素探测技术与系统方案研究，提出新型激光主被动复合、能谱复用探测技术体制，面向未来星载应用，完成星载海洋剖面多要素探测载荷系统设计。其中，激光器谱段设计为486、532 nm多波长一体化最佳配比输出，光电接收探测系统选用1 m×5 m超大口径可折叠光栅主镜，经过仿真分析，探测系统可实现大洋水深100 m深度、温度、盐度以及后向散射系数等多要素同源探测能力，同等体积包络条件下，能量收集能力提升5倍。

为实现空间目标的探测与精确识别，设计了一种基于连续变焦结构兼顾大孔径和长焦距的探测成像一体化光学系统，实现了短焦大视场探测，长焦小视场成像的目的。系统采用里奇-克列基昂（RC）结构加校正镜与变焦结构通过光瞳匹配进行结合的方式，使用两片反射镜压缩光路，系统工作于450~850 nm的光谱范围内，焦距为700~3 500 mm；探测端焦距为700 mm，F数为2.5，视场角为0.5°×0.5°；成像端焦距为1 400~3 500 mm，F数为5~12.5，视场角为0.18°×0.18°。该系统具有探测能力强、成像质量佳、系统总长短、变焦凸轮曲线升角小等优点。

Metalenses have gained significant attention and have been widely utilized in optical systems for focusing and imaging, owing to their lightweight, high-integration, and exceptional-flexibility capabilities. Traditional design methods neglect the coupling effect between adjacent meta-atoms, thus harming the practical performance of meta-devices. The existing physical/data-driven optimization algorithms can solve the above problems, but bring significant time costs or require a large number of data-sets. Here, we propose a physics-data-driven method employing an “intelligent optimizer” that enables us to adaptively modify the sizes of the meta-atom according to the sizes of its surrounding ones. The implementation of such a scheme effectively mitigates the undesired impact of local lattice coupling, and the proposed network model works well on thousands of data-sets with a validation loss of 3×10^?3. Based on the “intelligent optimizer”, a 1-cm-diameter metalens is designed within 3 hours, and the experimental results show that the 1-mm-diameter metalens has a relative focusing efficiency of 93.4% (compared to the ideal focusing efficiency) and a Strehl ratio of 0.94. Compared to previous inverse design method, our method significantly boosts designing efficiency with five orders of magnitude reduction in time. More generally, it may set a new paradigm for devising large-aperture meta-devices.

Transverse stimulated Raman scattering (TSRS) in potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) and deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) plates for large-aperture, inertial confinement fusion (ICF)-class laser systems is a well-recognized limitation giving rise to parasitic energy conversion and laser-induced damage. The onset of TSRS is manifested in plates exposed to the ultraviolet section of the beam. TSRS amplification is a coherent process that grows exponentially and is distributed nonuniformly in the crystal and at the crystal surfaces. To understand the growth and spatial distribution of TSRS energy in various configurations, a modeling approach has been developed to simulate the operational conditions relevant to ICF-class laser systems. Specific aspects explored in this work include (i) the behavior of TSRS in large-aperture crystal plates suitable for third-harmonic generation and use as wave plates for polarization control in current-generation ICF-class laser system configurations; (ii) methods, and their limitations, of TSRS suppression and (iii) optimal geometries to guide future designs.