Unlike conventional topological edge states confined at a domain wall between two topologically distinct media, the recently proposed large-area topological waveguide states in three-layer heterostructures, which consist of a domain featuring Dirac points sandwiched between two domains of different topologies, have introduced the mode width degree of freedom for more flexible manipulation of electromagnetic waves. Until now, the experimental realizations of photonic large-area topological waveguide states have been exclusively based on quantum Hall and quantum valley-Hall systems. We propose a new way to create large-area topological waveguide states based on the photonic quantum spin-Hall system and observe their unique feature of pseudo-spin-momentum-locking unidirectional propagation for the first time in experiments. Moreover, due to the new effect provided by the mode width degree of freedom, the propagation of these large-area quantum spin-Hall waveguide states exhibits unusually strong robustness against defects, e.g., large voids with size reaching several unit cells, which has not been reported previously. Finally, practical applications, such as topological channel intersection and topological energy concentrator, are further demonstrated based on these novel states. Our work not only completes the last member of such states in the photonic quantum Hall, quantum valley-Hall, and quantum spin-Hall family, but also provides further opportunities for high-capacity energy transport with tunable mode width and exceptional robustness in integrated photonic devices and on-chip communications.

分体式大靶面测试系统的探测光幕灵敏度直接影响飞行弹丸速度测量的精度。可在散布不大的情况下，使用反射膜与激光器代替矩形大面积测试系统中的人工光源，简化测试系统。对新建的三角形探测光幕的灵敏度进行了分析，综合考虑激光器在不同传播距离处的光强度衰减、空间的非均匀性分布及反射膜逆反射系数和镜头离轴效应等因素，采用数值仿真和实弹试验的方法，将同一弹径的弹丸穿过光幕不同位置时的灵敏度等效到同一基准点进行归一化分析。结果显示，镜头离轴效应对灵敏度影响最大，激光器空间非均匀性分布影响最小。在3.5 m×2 m(宽×高)的直角三角形探测光幕区域进行实弹试验，其结果与仿真结果一致，距镜头越近，灵敏度越高；反之越低。研究结果可为类似原向反射式大面积探测光幕的工程设计提供参考。

为了对具有速度和加速度限制的物理信号安排合理的过渡过程，提出了一种带有速度和加速度饱和限制的变参数线性跟踪微分器。将跟踪微分器的快速因子设计为跟踪误差减函数的形式，即使在初始跟踪误差非常大的时候也不会产生非常大的加速度，同时结合速度和加速度饱和的限制，使用同一组参数就可以对大范围的阶跃信号给出与物理系统反馈能力相匹配的过渡过程信号。仿真计算表明，所设计的跟踪微分器的跟踪效果与经典的非线性跟踪微分器几乎相同，计算复杂度却明显降低。将所设计的跟踪微分器应用于地平式大视场望远镜的快速调转定位中，与工程中常用的位置分段方式进行对比，响应时间缩短了大约15%~37%，有效提高了望远镜的搜索效率。变参数跟踪微分器不但能够起到过渡作用，还能最大限度地激发物理系统的反馈能力。该方法参数设置简单，易于工程中的调试和实现。

随着红外焦平面技术的发展，大面阵红外焦平面器件在遥感、气象、资源普查和高分辨对地观测卫星上得到了广泛应用。因此，基于第三代红外焦平面技术的超大规模焦平面器件成为国内外研究热点。文中介绍了昆明物理研究所采用n-on-p技术路线成功研制的短波（Short Wave, SW） 2 k×2 k（18 μm，像元中心距）碲镉汞红外焦平面器件。短波2 k×2 k碲镉汞红外焦平面器件突破了大尺寸碲锌镉（CdZnTe）衬底制备和大面积液相外延薄膜材料生长技术，衬底尺寸由Φ75 mm增加到Φ90 mm，获得了高度均匀的大面积碲镉汞（HgCdTe）薄膜材料。通过大面阵器件工艺、大面阵倒装互连等技术攻关，最终获得了有效像元率大于99.9%、平均峰值探测率(D*)大于4×10¹²(cm·Hz^1/2)/W、暗电流密度在1 nA/cm²的高性能短波2 k×2 k（18 μm）碲镉汞红外焦平面器件。