为防止低轨光学卫星相控阵数传任务过程中相机进光而对传感器造成损伤，提出了一种相控阵数传任务期间的太阳光姿态规避方法。首先，计算出地心固连坐标系中卫星指向太阳的向量与卫星指向地面数传站的向量，并建立两向量所在平面的单位法向量。其次，以单位法向量为旋转轴使卫星指向地面数传站的向量以相控阵最大离轴角进行旋转，旋转后的向量即为卫星在地心固连坐标系下的太阳光规避向量。然后，通过太阳光规避向量、地心固联坐标系中卫星的位置及地心固联坐标系到轨道坐标系的转换矩阵，规划卫星在轨道坐标系下的太阳光规避姿态并计算出相控阵指向角。最后，在吉林一号高分02D星上进行了仿真分析和在轨试验。仿真结果表明，在相控阵最大波束角为60°的情况下，卫星使用太阳光姿态规避方法进行数传后，在12月份内相机与太阳光夹角在90°以下的概率由传统凝视姿态数传方法的44.1%降低为2.1%。吉林一号高分02D星在轨试验结果表明，近似相同条件下的两次数传任务在使用太阳光姿态规避方法进行数传后，相机与太阳光的夹角由传统凝视姿态的31.3°~152.1°提升为96.3°~180°，验证了太阳光姿态规避方法可在数传任务期间有效规避太阳光，保证了低轨光学卫星相机在轨的安全性和可靠性。

基于宽禁带光导半导体的固态光导微波源是高功率微波产生的一种新途径，该方案具有功率密度高、频带范围宽等特点，且其低时间抖动特性使其在功率合成方面具有巨大潜力，利用光波束形成网络构建光导微波有源相控阵是光导微波器件迈向实用的重要途径。分析了光导微波相控阵系统原理，设计了光导微波真延时网络架构，并构建了差分真延时相控阵和考虑相位随机误差的真延时相控阵的理论模型，对影响功率合成和波束扫描的关键因素开展定量分析和仿真验证。结果表明，对于发射1 GHz信号的n×10阵列，延时均方差在10 ps以下时，指向偏差小于0.13°，峰值增益损耗小于2%；延时步进精度在10 ps以下时，指向偏差小于0.2°，峰值增益损耗小于0.03%。由此提出延时精度指标，为未来更高功率、更大规模的光导微波合成技术发展提供参考。

This article presents an 8-element dual-polarized phased-array transceiver (TRX) front-end IC for millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) 5G new radio (NR). Power enhancement technologies for power amplifiers (PA) in mm-Wave 5G phased-array TRX are discussed. A four-stage wideband high-power class-AB PA with distributed-active-transformer (DAT) power combining and multi-stage second-harmonic traps is proposed, ensuring the mitigated amplitude-to-phase (AM-PM) distortions across wide carrier frequencies without degrading transmitting (TX) power, gain and efficiency. TX and receiving (RX) switching is achieved by a matching network co-designed on-chip T/R switch. In each TRX element, 6-bit 360° phase shifting and 6-bit 31.5-dB gain tuning are respectively achieved by the digital-controlled vector-modulated phase shifter (VMPS) and differential attenuator (ATT). Fabricated in 65-nm bulk complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), the proposed TRX demonstrates the measured peak TX/RX gains of 25.5/21.3 dB, covering the 24?29.5 GHz band. The measured peak TX OP1dB and power-added efficiency (PAE) are 20.8 dBm and 21.1%, respectively. The measured minimum RX NF is 4.1 dB. The TRX achieves an output power of 11.0?12.4 dBm and error vector magnitude (EVM) of 5% with 400-MHz 5G NR FR2 OFDM 64-QAM signals across 24?29.5 GHz, covering 3GPP 5G NR FR2 operating bands of n257, n258, and n261.

The high-power mode-programmable orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam has attracted significant attention in a wide range of applications, such as long-distance optical communication, nonlinear frequency conversion, and beam shaping. Coherent beam combining (CBC) of an optical phased array (OPA) can offer a promising solution for both generating the high-power OAM beam and rapidly switching the OAM modes. However, achieving real-time phase noise locking and formation of desired phase structures in a high-power CBC system faces significant challenges. Here, an internal phase-sensing technique was utilized to generate the high-power OAM beam, which effectively mitigated thermal effects and eliminated the need for large optical devices. An OPA with six elements was employed for experimental demonstration. The first effective generation of over 1.5 kW mode-programmable OAM beam in a continuous-wave domain was presented. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the generated OAM beam could be modulated with multiple dimensions. The topological charge can be switched in real time from -1 to -2. Notably, this OAM beam emitter could function as an OAM beam copier by easily transforming a single OAM beam into an OAM beam array. More importantly, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on power scaling, mode switching speed, and expansion of OAM modes. Additionally, the system’s compact design enabled it to function as a packageable OAM beam emitter. Owing to the advantages of having high power and programmable modes with multiple dimension modulation in phase structures and intensity distribution, this work can pave the way for producing high-power structured light beams and advancing their applications.