为了消除激光诱导击穿光谱技术（laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy，LIBS）中的自吸收效应，提高元素定量分析的精确度，同时满足工业中便捷分析元素的要求，需将自吸收免疫激光诱导击穿光谱技术（self-absorption free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy，SAF-LIBS）的装置小型化。本文提出了一项新型的高重频声光门控SAF-LIBS定量分析技术，使用高重频激光器产生准连续的等离子体以增强光谱强度，并将声光调制器（acousto-optic modulator，AOM）作为门控开关，从而使微型CCD光谱仪和AOM能够代替传统大型SAF-LIBS装置中的像增强探测器（intensified charge coupled device，ICCD）和中阶梯型光栅光谱仪，实现自吸收免疫的同时缩小了装置的体积，降低了装置的成本。将该系统参数进行优化选择后，对样品中的Al元素进行了定量分析和预测。实验结果表明，等离子体的特性受激光重复频率的影响进而会影响光谱信号的强度。在1 ~ 50 kHz激光重复频率范围内，Al I 394.4 nm和Al I 396.15 nm的双线强度先增强后减弱，确定最佳的激光重复频率为10 kHz。在不同的光纤采集角度下，Al的双线强度比随延迟时间的增加而减小，在45°处信噪比最高，且在一定的积分时间下，最佳光学薄时间t_ot为426 ns。在激光重复频率为10 kHz、光纤采集角为45°、延迟时间为400 ns的条件下，对Al元素进行定量分析和预测结果表明，Al元素定标曲线的线性度R²为0.982，平均绝对测量误差相对于单一LIBS的0.8%可以降低至0.18%。定量分析结果与传统大型SAF-LIBS装置的测量精度相持平。因此本高重频声光门控SAF-LIBS装置不仅有效地屏蔽了光学厚等离子体中的连续背景辐射和谱线加宽，同时具备小型化、低成本、高可靠性的优点，有助于推动SAF-LIBS技术由实验室走向工业应用。

为了满足脉冲电场消融的应用需求，解决单极性脉冲电场分布不均匀的问题，研制了一台基于半桥结构的主电路、具有纳秒级前沿的高重复频率双极性亚微秒高压脉冲电源。该脉冲电源由FPGA提供控制信号，经过驱动芯片放大控制信号后，利用光耦隔离驱动多个SiC MOSFET。驱动电路所需元器件较少，信号控制时序简单，可提供负压偏置，使开关管可靠关断，提高了电路的抗电磁干扰能力，使电源能稳定运行。通过电阻负载实验，对比分析了不同栅极电阻对驱动电压的影响，驱动电压上升沿时间越短对应的双极性高压脉冲前沿越快。实验结果表明：所设计的高频双极性脉冲电源在100 Ω纯阻性负载上能够稳定产生重复频率双极性纳秒脉冲，输出电压0～±4 kV可调，脉宽0.2～1.0 μs可调，正负脉冲相间延时0～1 ms可调，上升沿和下降沿60～150 ns之间。该双极性脉冲电源电路设计结构紧凑，能满足应用的参数需求。

We present detailed characterization of laser-driven fusion and neutron production ( $\sim {10}^5$ /second) using 8 mJ, 40 fs laser pulses on a thin (<1 μm) D ${}_2$ O liquid sheet employing a measurement suite. At relativistic intensity ( $\sim 5\times {10}^{18}$ W/cm ${}^2$ ) and high repetition rate (1 kHz), the system produces deuterium–deuterium (D-D) fusion, allowing for consistent neutron generation. Evidence of D-D fusion neutron production is verified by a measurement suite with three independent detection systems: an EJ-309 organic scintillator with pulse-shape discrimination, a ${}^3\mathrm{He}$ proportional counter and a set of 36 bubble detectors. Time-of-flight analysis of the scintillator data shows the energy of the produced neutrons to be consistent with 2.45 MeV. Particle-in-cell simulations using the WarpX code support significant neutron production from D-D fusion events in the laser–target interaction region. This high-repetition-rate laser-driven neutron source could provide a low-cost, on-demand test bed for radiation hardening and imaging applications.

在高速测量设备无关量子密钥分发（MDI-QKD）系统中，高成码率是实现远距离量子通信的关键。为实现更高的成码率，系统各环节对光源有着更多的要求。针对这些要求设计了应用于高速MDI-QKD系统的脉冲激光器电路。通过对外部或内部触发信号的模拟调理及驱动设计，实现了脉冲激光的产生；通过模拟PID控制与双向TEC电流控制，实现了温度的稳定。最终获得的脉冲光能够实现最高1.25 GHz重复频率、24.2 ps脉冲半高宽、30 dB消光比、0.95 pm波长抖动以及2.014 nm波长调谐范围的输出，有利于成码率的提高，满足高速MDI-QKD系统的要求。

The recent achievement of fusion ignition with laser-driven technologies at the National Ignition Facility sets a historic accomplishment in fusion energy research. This accomplishment paves the way for using laser inertial fusion as a viable approach for future energy production. Europe has a unique opportunity to empower research in this field internationally, and the scientific community is eager to engage in this journey. We propose establishing a European programme on inertial-fusion energy with the mission to demonstrate laser-driven ignition in the direct-drive scheme and to develop pathway technologies for the commercial fusion reactor. The proposed roadmap is based on four complementary axes: (i) the physics of laser–plasma interaction and burning plasmas; (ii) high-energy high repetition rate laser technology; (iii) fusion reactor technology and materials; and (iv) reinforcement of the laser fusion community by international education and training programmes. We foresee collaboration with universities, research centres and industry and establishing joint activities with the private sector involved in laser fusion. This project aims to stimulate a broad range of high-profile industrial developments in laser, plasma and radiation technologies along with the expected high-level socio-economic impact.

亚纳秒激光因其对光电器件的损伤优于纳秒激光和飞秒激光，而被广泛应用于光电对抗领域。然而，在常规水冷条件下实现输出数百赫兹焦耳级亚纳秒激光还面临较大的挑战。笔者课题组面向**重大需求，结合端面泵浦微片晶体百皮秒激光产生技术和多程多级板条激光放大技术，对板条激光器的放大性能进行大量的实验研究，并提出了温控双端泵浦技术，弥补双端泵浦结构的缺陷。实现板条激光器单脉冲能量952 mJ，重复频率500 Hz的激光输出，这将为光电对抗系统所需的高重频大能量激光提供优质光源。

Ultrashort pulses at 920 nm are a highly desired light source in two-photon microscopy for the efficient excitation of green fluorescence protein. Although Nd^{3 +} -doped fibers have been utilized for 920-nm ultrashort pulse generation, the competitive amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) at 1.06 μm remains a significant challenge in improving their performance. Here, we demonstrate a coordination engineering strategy to tailor the properties of Nd^{3 +} -doped silica glass and fiber. By elevating the covalency between Nd^{3 +} and bonded anions via sulfur incorporation, the fiber gain performance at 920 nm is enhanced, and 1.06-μm ASE intensity is suppressed simultaneously. As a result, the continuous-wave laser efficiencies and signal-to-noise ratio at 920 nm by this fiber are significantly enhanced. Importantly, the stable picosecond pulses at 920 nm are produced by a passive mode-locking technique with a fundamental repetition rate up to 207 MHz, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the highest reported repetition rate realized by Nd^{3 +} -doped silica fibers. The presented strategy enriches the capacity of Nd^{3 +} -doped silica fiber in generating 920-nm ultrashort pulses for application in biophotonics, and it also provides a promising way to tune the properties of rare-earth ion-doped silica glasses and fibers toward ultrafast lasers.