The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the local polarization reversal and creation of domains by a biased tip of scanning probe microscope (SPM) in lithium niobate single crystals of congruent composition with a surface layer modified by soft proton exchange (SPE). The depth dependence of H+ ions concentration in the SPE-modified layer measured by confocal Raman microscopy demonstrates a sufficient composition gradient. The creation of isolated domains and stripe domain structures has been done by two switching modes: (1) point switching by field application in separated points and (2) line scanning switching by motion of the biased tip being in contact with the sample surface. For point switching for pulse durations less than 10s, the logarithmic dependence of the domain diameter on the pulse duration was observed. The change of the dependence to a linear one for pulse duration above 10s has been attributed to the transition from the stochastic step generation at the domain wall to the deterministic one at the domain vertexes. The periodical structure of stripe domains was created in SPE CLN planar waveguides by scanning at elevated temperature. The revealed switching regime suppresses electrostatic interaction of neighboring domains and leads to a significant improvement of the domain structure regularity. The creation of the stable periodical domain structure with submicron periods in SPE CLN planar waveguides was demonstrated.

尝试对两类典型的光纤端集成等离激元探测技术的发展进行回顾与梳理,并结合作者的科研实践对本领域未来工作的重点和潜在价值进行讨论。第一类技术是在光纤的端平面集成等离激元谐振传感结构,尤其是等离激元微腔。这种器件既能够插进微量样品通过dip-and-read方式进行生物分子传感,也能够伸入狭小的空间进行超声内窥探测。未来,如何在秉持方便、快速核心价值的基础上,解决复杂样品中低含量分子检测的难题,是这类器件进入医学诊断和食品检验应用领域的关键;而如何大幅提高表面等离激元谐振传感器对声信号的灵敏度,是实现具有重要应用价值的光纤表面等离激元谐振水听器阵列的关键。第二类技术是在锥形光纤尖端集成等离激元天线探针。结合各种扫描探针显微技术,这种器件提供了对等离激元天线的高精度动态调控能力,及通过等离激元热点与样品的强烈作用进行高分辨扫描成像的能力。未来,通过对天线探针和可测量物理量的创新研究,有望进一步扩展可表征物理和化学现象的范围,显著提升表征性能。

扫描探针显微镜(SPM)作为一种广泛应用的表面表征工具，不仅可以表征三维形貌，还能定量地研究表面的粗糙度、孔径大小和分布及颗粒尺寸，在许多学科均可发挥作用.以纳米材料为主要研究对象，综述了国外最新的几种扫描探针显微表征技术，包括扫描隧道显微镜(STM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和近场扫描光学显微镜(SNOM)等方法, 展示了这几种技术在纳米材料的结构和性能方面的应用.

综述了扫描探针显微镜在激光纳米加工技术上应用的最新进展,介绍了纳米结构的形成机理。