简明介绍了光学合成孔径的两种成像方式和光学波段合成孔径的发展概况。全面介绍镜面拼接、稀疏孔径和位相阵列3种合成孔径结构系统国内外发展现状。归纳出了目前光学合成孔径技术在天基和地基观测系统的发展趋势及技术难题。与传统单一口径的光学系统相比，光学合成孔径系统具有更高的分辨率、镜面加工难度低、易折叠、重量轻等特点，是实现高分辨率光学成像系统的一种重要且有效途径。

Two imaging modes and development of optical synthetic aperture are presented briefly in this paper. The current development situation of three kinds of optical synthetic aperture: segmented mirror, sparse aperture and phased array are introduced comprehensively. This paper also summarized the development trend of ground-based and space-based optical synthetic aperture system and the technical problems. Comparing with traditional single aperture optical system, optical synthetic aperture system has higher resolution, low processing difficulty of mirror, easy folding, light weight, and some other characteristics. So it is an important and effective way to realize high resolution optical imaging system.