自然对流的特征以及流体的流动特征受热源引起的流体密度差影响, 热源位置与冷却流体的密度差以及冷却流体在散热结构中的流动阻力密切相关。对以电子散热为背景的竖通道自然对流强化换热进行了分析, 通过编程计算分析了影响自然对流特征的热源布置、通道当量直径、气流物性变化等对壁温的影响, 讨论了自然对流的流动阻塞特征以及影响因素, 并将计算结果与CFD计算结果进行对比。在一定条件下讨论了竖直散热肋片在自然对流下热源最佳布置位置与最佳散热面积、产生流动阻塞的最大散热量等之间的关系, 可为肋片式散热器的设计优化提供参考。

The characteristics of natural convection and the fluid flow characteristics are influenced by the density difference of the cooling fluid. The density difference and the flow resistance of the cooling fluid in the heat dissipation structure are closely related to the heat source position. With electron heat dissipation as the background, the natural convection of vertical channels was modeled and analyzed. The heat source layout, equivalent diameter of the channel, and changes in air properties that affect natural convection characteristics were considered. Factors affecting the wall temperature and flow obstruction in natural convection were discussed through programming calculations. The results were compared with the CFD calculations. The relationships between the optimal arrangement position of the heat source and the optimal heat dissipation area as well as the maximum heat dissipation before flow blockage were discussed in the vertical heat dissipation fins under natural convection, which provides a reference for the design and optimization of finned radiators.