痕量气体垂直廓线的监测，对大气污染研究具有重要意义。介绍了被动多轴差分吸收光谱（MAX-DOAS）技术监测痕量气体垂直廓线的光学遥感方法。研究中MAX-DOAS测量多个角度的斜柱浓度、结合大气辐射传输模型，利用最优估算法反演出痕量气体垂直廓线，并对最优估算法参数选取和反演评估进行了详细描述。将该技术应用于合肥地区NO2垂直廓线的监测：通过与长光程差分吸收光谱仪的测量结果对比，相关系数达到0.80。该技术为大气环境立体监测提供了一种简便的方法。

Measurement of trace-gas vertical profile is very important for research of atmospheric pollution. The multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) is used on trace-gas profile monitoring. Combing with radiative transfer models, trace gas vertical profile is derived from slant column densities of several elevation angles of MAX-DOAS with optimal estimation method. The parameters setup of retrieval algorithm and the characterization of the retrieval has been described in detail. MAX-DOAS is used to monitor NO2 profile of Hefei area. The measurement result is validated with long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy (LP-DOAS), and the correlation coefficient is 0.80. This technique provides a simple and convenient method three-dimensional observation for air pollution.