水溶性有机物(DOM)所在的固-液交界面是化学反应和微生物活动最活跃的部分。 DOM中存在具有氧化还原作用的含氧芳香性官能团， 使得DOM能影响有机污染物和重金属污染物迁移与转化。 堆肥物料猪粪含有丰富且有利于微生物生长的氮元素， 其DOM结构变化可能具有一定的独特性。 本研究选取8个不同阶段的猪粪堆肥样品， 提取其中的DOM， 利用紫外-可见光光谱和三维荧光光谱等现代光谱学方法， 并结合基础理化指标解析猪粪堆肥DOM的结构和组分演变特征。 在堆肥过程中可溶性有机碳和总有机碳分别降低了5888%和1630%， 说明可溶性有机碳的降解速率要高于不可溶性有机碳。 紫外-可见光光谱特征值SUVA254， SUVA280和E253/E203均随着堆肥过程呈现出逐渐增加的趋势， 表明堆肥过程DOM芳香性升高， 大分子有机质含量增大， 芳环取代基中含氧基团增多。 基于三维荧光光谱体积积分中类酪氨酸、 类色氨酸和微生物代谢产物的百分比分别从1596%， 1814%和2545%降低至553%， 1127%和1796%， 而类胡敏酸和类富里酸的百分比则分别从1767%和2277%增加至2062%和4462%， 这一方面是由于DOM中各有机质组分中类蛋白物质降解速率比类腐殖质物质快， 另一方面是由于随着堆肥进行一部分类蛋白物质会转化为类腐殖质物质。 研究结果可为调控生产稳定化、 无害化的堆肥产品提供科学依据。

The solid-liquid interface in which the dissolved organic matter DOM exists is the most active part of chemical reaction and microbial activity. The preseenc of oxygen-containing aromatic functional groups in DOM can affect the migration and transformation of organic pollutants and heavy metals. Compost material swine manure is rich in nitrogen elements that are beneficial to microbial growth, and its DOM structure changes may be unique. 8 representative samples of different stages of DOM were extracted from swine manure compost using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra of modern spectroscopy, combined with the basic physical and chemical indicators of swine manure composting DOM structure and organic components of evolutionary characteristics. Thedissolvedorganic carbon and total organic carbondecreased by 5888% and 1630% respectively, which indicated that the degradation rate of dissolvedorganic carbon was higher than that ofinsoluble organic carbon. The values of SUVA254, SUVA280 and E253/E203 increased, indicating that the aromatic content of DOM increased, the content of macromolecule organic matter increased, and the number of oxygen groups increased in the aromatic ring substituents. Fluorescent volume percentage of tyrosine-like substances, tryptophan-like substances and microbial metabolites decreased from 1596%, 1814% and 2545% to 553%, 1127% and 1796% respectively, while humic acid-like and fulvide-like organic were from 1767% and 2277% to 2062% and 4462% respectively. The degradation rate of protein-like substances in the organic matter components of DOM is higher than that of humus-like substances. As the composting substances are converted into humus-like substances, the contents of protein in DOM are gradually reduced, and the content of humus-like substances andthe degree of compost stabilization are increased.