Photonics Research, 2019, 7 (12): 12001473, Published Online: Nov. 21, 2019
Hybridization of different types of exceptional points 
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Fig. 1. System configuration comprised of two microdisks and one scatterer. The scatterer is magnified in the dotted box.
Fig. 2. Re ( k R ) r 1 / R ( l , m ) = ( 1 , 6 ) ϕ 1 ϕ 2 ϕ 3 ϕ 4
Fig. 3. (a) and (b) are the θ Re ( k R ) Im ( k R ) 2 , respectively; (c) shows the absolute values of wavenumber differences for all combinations of the four modes. The black-solid curve in (c) is for the black-solid and black-dashed curves in (a) and (b). The orange-dashed curve in (c) is for the black-solid and orange-solid curves in (a) and (b). The blue-dotted curve in (c) is for the orange-solid and black-dashed curves in (a) and (b). Vertical lines at A, B, and C mark the local minima of these three curves in (c).
Fig. 4. (a) and (b) Riemann surfaces of Re ( k R ) Im ( k R ) k EP R ≈ 4.219 − i 0.0430 Δ r 2 = r 2 − r EP Δ θ = θ − θ EP
Fig. 5. (a) and (b) Riemann surfaces of Re ( k R ) Im ( k R ) k EP R ≈ 4.232 − i 0.0438 Δ r 2 Δ θ 4 . (c) Coalescent mode at the EP; (d) and (e) the two remaining modes at this EP parameter.
Fig. 6. Riemann surfaces and modes of the EP3 by hybridizing a supermode and a chiral EP; (a) and (b) are Re ( k R ) Im ( k R ) Δ r 2 = r 2 − r EP Δ θ = θ − θ EP
Fig. 7. (a) Accumulated Husimi function of the coalescent mode as a function of p
Fig. 8. Wavenumber splittings depending on the outside refractive index of the microdisk in double logarithmic scale. Thick magenta, blue, and green curves correspond to an EP3, a supermode EP, and a chiral EP, respectively. Thin black-solid and black-dashed curves are the fittings of | Δ k R | ∼ ( Δ n ) 1 / 3 ∼ ( Δ n ) 1 / 2
Jinhyeok Ryu, Sunjae Gwak, Jaewon Kim, Hyeon-Hye Yu, Ji-Hwan Kim, Ji-Won Lee, Chang-Hwan Yi, Chil-Min Kim. Hybridization of different types of exceptional points[J]. Photonics Research, 2019, 7(12): 12001473.
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